[Solved] Programming Assignment #1: Array Lists

AbstractIn this programming assignment, you will implement array lists (arrays that expand automatically whenever they get too full). This is an immensely powerful and awesome data structure.By completing this assignment, you will gain advanced experience working with dynamic memory management in C. You will also learn to manage programs that use multiple source files. In the end, you will have an awesome and useful data structure that you can reuse in the future.AttachmentsArrayList.h, sample-main{1-4}.c, sample-output{1-4}.c, names.txt, ArrayList-diagram.pdfDeliverablesArrayList.c(Note: Capitalization of your filename matters!)1.OverviewAn array list is an array that grows to accommodate new elements whenever it gets too full. As with normal arrays in C, we have direct access to any index of the array list at any given time. There are two main advantages to using array lists, though:First, we do not need to specify the length of the array list ahead of time. This is great when we dont know ahead of time just how much data were going to end up holding in memory. Second, we will use get() and put() functions to access individual elements of the array, and these functions will check to make sure we arent accessing array positions that are out of bounds. (Recall that C doesnt check whether an array index is out of bounds before accessing it during program execution. That can lead to all kinds of whacky trouble!)While Java offers native support for array lists, C does not. Thats where you come in. You will implement basic array list functionality in C, including:Adding new elements to the end of the array listAutomatically expanding the array lists capacity when it gets fullProviding safe access to elements at specific positions in the array listSignaling to the user (i.e., the programmer (re-)using your code) when he or she attempts to access an index in the array list that is out of boundsInserting elements into arbitrary positions in the array list and more!In this assignment, your array lists will be designed to hold arrays of strings. A complete list of the functions you must implement, including their functional prototypes, is given below in Section 3, Function Requirements). You will submit a single source file, named ArrayList.c, that contains all required function definitions, as well as any auxiliary functions you deem necessary. In ArrayList.c, you should #include any header files necessary for your functions to work, including ArrayList.h (see Section 2, ArrayList.h).Note that you will not write a main() function in the source file you submit! Rather, we will compile your source file with our own main() function(s) in order to test your code. We have included example source files that include main() functions, which you can use to test your code. We realize this is completely new territory for most of you, so dont panic. Weve included instructions on compiling multiple source files into a single executable (e.g., mixing your ArrayList.c with our ArrayList.h and sample-main1.c) in Sections 4 and 6 (Compilation and Testing).Although we have included sample main() functions to get you started with testing the functionality of your code, we encourage you to develop your own test cases, as well. Ours are by no means comprehensive. We will use much more elaborate test cases when grading your submission.Good luck!Start early!Come to office hours for help if you get stuck!2.ArrayList.hThis header file contains the struct definition and functional prototypes for the array list functions you will be implementing. You should #include this file from ArrayList.c, like so:#include ArrayList.hThe quotes (as opposed to <brackets), indicate to the compiler that this header file is found in the same directory as your source, not a system directory.You should not modify ArrayList.h in any way, and you should not send ArrayList.h when you submit your assignment. We will use our own unmodified copy of ArrayList.h when compiling your program.If you write auxiliary functions in ArrayList.c (which is strongly encouraged!), you should not add those functional prototypes to ArrayList.h. Just put those functional prototypes at the top of your ArrayList.c.Think of ArrayList.h as a public interface to the ArrayList data structure. It contains only the functions that the end user (i.e., the programmer (re-)using your code) should call in order to create and use an ArrayList. You do not want the end user to call your auxiliary functions directly, so you do not put those functional prototypes in ArrayList.h. That way, the end user doesnt need to worry about all your auxiliary functions in order to use an ArrayList; everything just works. (And you dont have to worry about the end user mucking everything up by accidentally calling auxiliary functions that he or she shouldnt be messing around with!)The basic struct you will use to implement the array lists (defined in ArrayList.h) is as follows:typedef struct ArrayList { char **array; // pointer to array of strings int size; // number of elements in array int capacity; // length of array (maximum capacity)} ArrayList;The ArrayList struct contains a double char pointer that can be used to set up a 2D char array (which is just an array of char arrays, otherwise known as an array of strings). array will have to be allocated dynamically at runtime. It will probably be the bane of your existence for the next week or so.The struct also has size and capacity variables, which store the number of elements in the array (initially zero) and the current length (i.e., maximum capacity) of the array, respectively.3.Function RequirementsIn the source file you submit, ArrayList.c, you must implement the following functions. You may implement any auxiliary functions you need to make these work, as well. Please be sure the spelling, capitalization, and return types of your functions match these prototypes exactly. In this section, I often refer to malloc(), but youre welcome to use calloc() or realloc() instead, as you see fit.ArrayList *createArrayList(int length);Description: Dynamically allocate space for a new ArrayList. Initialize its internal array to be of length length or DEFAULT_INIT_LEN, whichever is greater. (DEFAULT_INIT_LEN is defined in ArrayList.h.) Properly initialize pointers in the array to NULL, and set the size and capacity members of the list.Output: – Created new ArrayList of size <N. (Output should not include the quotes. Terminate the line with a newline character,
. <N should of course be the length of the new array, without the angled brackets.)Returns: A pointer to the new ArrayList, or NULL if any calls to malloc() failed.ArrayList *destroyArrayList(ArrayList *list);Description: Free any dynamically allocated memory associated with the list and return NULL.Returns: NULL pointer.ArrayList *expandArrayList(ArrayList *list, int length);Description: Dynamically allocate a new array of length length. Copy the contents of lists old array into the new array. Free any memory associated with the old listarray that is no longer in use, then set listarray to point to the newly created array. Be sure all pointers are properly initialized. Update the size and capacity of the ArrayList (if applicable).Note: If length is less than or equal to lists current array capacity, or if the list pointer is NULL, you should NOT modify the ArrayList at all. In that case, just return from the function right away without producing any output.Output: – Expanded ArrayList to size <N. (Output should not include the quotes. Terminate the line with a newline character,
. <N should be the new length of the array, without the angled brackets. Do NOT produce any output if you the array is not expanded.)Returns: A pointer to the ArrayList, or NULL if any calls to malloc() failed.ArrayList *trimArrayList(ArrayList *list);Description: If lists capacity is greater than its current size, trim the length of the array to the current size. You will probably want to malloc() a new array to achieve this. If so, avoid memory leaks as you get rid of the old array. Update any members of list that need to be updated as a result of this action.Output: – Trimmed ArrayList to size <N. (Output should not include the quotes. Terminate the line with a newline character,
. <N should be the new length of the array, without the angled brackets. Do NOT produce any output if the length of the array is not reduced by this function.)Returns: A pointer to the ArrayList, or NULL if malloc() failed or the list pointer was NULL.char *put(ArrayList *list, char *str);Description: Insert a copy of str into the next unused cell of the array. If the list is already full, call expandArrayList() to grow the array to length (capacity * 2 + 1) before inserting the new element. When copying str into the array, only allocate the minimum amount of space necessary to store the string.Returns: A pointer to the copy of the new string that was inserted into the array, or NULL if the string could not be added to the list (e.g., malloc() failed, or list or str was NULL).char *get(ArrayList *list, int index);Description: Attempts to return the element at the specified index. This is where you protect the user from going out-of-bounds with the array.Returns: A pointer to the string at position index of the array, or NULL if index was out of bounds or the list pointer was NULL.char *set(ArrayList *list, int index, char *str);Description: If the array already has a valid string at position index, replace it with a copy of str. Otherwise, the operation fails and we simply return NULL. Ensure that no more space is used to store the new copy of str than is absolutely necessary (so, you might have to use malloc() and free() here).Returns: A pointer to the copy of the string placed in the ArrayList, or NULL if the operation failed for any reason (e.g., invalid index, or list or str was NULL).char *insertElement(ArrayList *list, int index, char *str);Description: Insert a copy of str at the specified index in the array. Any elements to the right of index are shifted one space to the right. If the specified index is greater than the ArrayLists size, the element being inserted should be placed in the first empty position in the list.As with the put() function, if the ArrayList is already full, call expandArrayList() to grow the array to length (capacity * 2 + 1) before inserting the new element. When copying str into the array, only allocate the minimum amount of space necessary to store the string.Returns: A pointer to the copy of the string inserted into the list, or NULL if insertion fails for any reason (e.g., malloc() failed, or list or str was NULL).int removeElement(ArrayList *list, int index);Description: Remove the string at the specified index in the array. Strings to the right of index are shifted one space to the left, so as not to leave a gap in the array. The ArrayLists size member should be updated accordingly. If index exceeds the ArrayLists size, nothing is removed from the list.Returns: 1 if an element was successfully removed from the array, 0 otherwise (including the case where the list pointer is NULL).int getSize(ArrayList *list);Description: This function returns the number of elements currently in the list. We provide this function to discourage the programmer from accessing listsize directly. That way, if we decide to change the name or meaning of the size variable in our ArrayList struct, the programmers who download the latest version of our code can get it working right out of the box; they dont have to go through their own code and change all instances of listsize to something else, as long as we provide them with a getSize() function that works.Returns: Number of elements currently in the list, or -1 if list pointer is NULL.void printArrayList(ArrayList *list);Description: Print all strings currently in the array.Output: Print all strings currently in the array. Print a newline character,
, after each string. If the list pointer is NULL, or if the list is empty, simply print (empty list) (without quotes), followed by a newline character,
.4.Compilation and Testing (CodeBlocks)The key to getting a multiple files to compile into a single program in CodeBlocks (or any IDE) is to create a project. Here are the step-by-step instructions for creating a project in CodeBlocks, importing ArrayList.h, sample-main1.c, and the ArrayList.c file youve created (even if its just an empty file so far).1.Start CodeBlocks.2.Create a New Project (File New Project).3.Choose Empty Project and click Go.4.In the Project Wizard that opens, click Next.5.Input a title for your project (e.g., ArrayList).6.Choose a folder (e.g., Desktop) where CodeBlocks can create a subdirectory for the project.7.Click Finish.Now you need to import your files. You have two options:1.Drag your source and header files into CodeBlocks. Then right click the tab for each file and choose Add file to active project. or 2.Go to Project Add Files. Browse to the directory with the source and header files you want to import. Select the files from the list (using CTRL-click to select multiple files). Click Open. In the dialog box that pops up, click OK.You should now be good to go. Try to build and run the project (F9).Note that if you import both sample-main1.c and sample-main2.c, the compiler will complain that you have multiple definitions for main(). You can only have one of those in there at a time. Youll have to swap them out as you test your code.Even if you develop your code with CodeBlocks on Windows, you ultimately have to transfer it to the Eustis server to compile and test it there. See the following page (Section 6, Compilation and Testing (Linux/Mac Command Line)) for instructions on command line compilation in Linux.5.Troubleshooting: File Not Found Errors with Mac OS XIf you encounter a file-not-found error on your Mac, you might need to put your input files in an unusual directory. Use my pwd() (print working directory) function to print the directory where your IDE wants those input files. pwd() is defined in file-read.c, posted January 15 in Webcourses.6.Compilation and Testing (Linux/Mac Command Line)To compile multiple source files (.c files) at the command line:gcc ArrayList.c sample-main1.cBy default, this will produce an executable file called a.out that you can run by typing:./a.outIf you want to name the executable something else, use:gcc ArrayList.c sample-main1.c -o ArrayList.exeand then run the program using:./ArrayList.exeRunning the program could potentially dump a lot of output to the screen. If you want to redirect your output to a text file in Linux, its easy. Just run the program using the following:./ArrayList.exe whatever.txtThis will create a file called whatever.txt that contains the output from your program.Linux has a helpful command called diff for comparing the contents of two files, which is really helpful here since weve provided a sample output file. You can see whether your output matches ours exactly by typing, e.g.:diff whatever.txt sample-output1.txtIf the contents of whatever.txt and sample-output1.txt are exactly the same, diff wont have any output. It will just look like this:[email protected]:~$ diff whatever.txt [email protected]:~$ _If the files differ, it will spit out some information about the lines that arent the same. For example:[email protected]:~$ diff whatever.txt solution.txt6c6< Size of list: 0 Size of list: [email protected]:~$ _7.DeliverablesSubmit a single source file, named ArrayList.c, via Webcourses. The source file should contain definitions for all the required functions (listed above), as well as any auxiliary functions you need to make them work.Your source file must not contain a main() function. Do not submit additional source files, and do not submit a modified ArrayList.h header file.Be sure to include your name and PID as a comment at the top of your source file.8.GradingThe expected scoring breakdown for this programming assignment is:50%Correct Output for Test Cases40%Implementation Details (Manual Inspection of Your Code)10%Comments and WhitespaceYour program must compile and run on Eustis to receive credit. Programs that do not compile will receive an automatic zero.Your grade will be based largely on your programs ability to compile and produce the exact output expected. Even minor deviations (such as capitalization or punctuation errors) in your output will cause your programs output to be marked as incorrect, resulting in severe point deductions. The same is true of how you name your functions and their parameters. Please be sure to follow all requirements carefully and test your program throughly.Additional points will be awarded for style (proper commenting and whitespace) and adherence to implementation requirements. For example, the graders might inspect your deleteArrayList() function to see that it is actually freeing up memory properly.Your ArrayList.c must NOT include a main() function. If it does, your code will fail to compile during testing, and you will receive zero credit for the assignment.