[Solved] OOP345-Workshop 5 Functions and Error Handling

In this workshop, you code a function object, a lambda expression, and exception handling.

You are to create a template class that manages a collection of objects of type `T`. The client of this class will be able to register a callback function (an observer) that will be called every time a new item has been added successfully.

You are to work with a collection of books and another collection of movies, both loaded from files. The information about books/movies contains mistakes: You are to create a lambda expression that fixes the price information about a book You are to create a function object (functor) that will fix some spelling mistakes in the description and titles for books/movies.

In case of exceptional situations, you are to generate and handle exceptions the functor will load the misspelled words from a file, but if the file is missing, and exception should be generated. iterating over the collection using indices, should generate an exception if the index is not valid.

## *In-Lab*

The in-lab portion of this workshop consists of modules: `w5` (partially supplied) `Book`

Enclose all your source code within the `sdds` namespace and include the necessary guards in each header file.

### `Book` Module

This module defines a class that holds information about a single book.

Design and code a class named `Book` that should be able to store the following information (for each attribute, you can chose any type you think its appropriateyou must be able to justify the decisions you have made):

**author** **title** **the country of publication** **the year of publication** **the price of the book** **the description**: the summary of the book

***Public Members*** a default constructor `const std::string& title() const`: a query that returns the title of the book `const std::string& country() const`: a query that returns the publication country `const size_t& year() const`: a query that returns the publication year `double& price()`: a function that returns the price **by referene**, allowing you to update the price `Book(const std::string& strBook)`: A constructor that receives the book as a string; this constructor is responsible to extract the information about the book from the parameter and store it in the attributes of the instance. The parameter will always have the following format:`AUTHOR,TITLE,COUNTRY,PRICE,YEAR,DESCRIPTION`This constructor should remove all spaces from the **beginning and end** of any token in the string.

When implementing the constructor, consider the following functions: [std::string::substr()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/substr) [std::string::find()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/find) [std::string::erase()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/erase) [std::stoi()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/stol) [std::stod()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/stof)

**Add any other function that is required by your design!**

***Friend Helpers*** overload the insertion operator to insert the content of a book object into an **ostream** object, in the following format:`AUTHOR | TITLE | COUNTRY | YEAR | PRICE | DESCRIPTION` the **author** should be printed on a field of size 20; the **title** should be printed on a field of size 22; the **country** should be printed on a field of size 5; the **year** should be printed on a field of size 4; the **price** should be printed on a field of size 6, and should have 2 digits; see alignment in the sample output.

### `w5` Module (partially supplied)

This module has some missing parts. The missing parts are marked with `TODO`, describing what code you should add and where. **Do not modify the existing code, only add what is missing!**

### Sample Output

When the program is started with the command (the file `book.txt` is provided):`w5.exe book.txt`the output should look like the one from the `sample_output.txt` file.

## *At-Home*

The *at-home* part of this workshop upgrades your *in-lab* solution to include more modules: `Movie` `SpellChecker` `Collection`

### `SpellChecker` Module (functor)

Add a `SpellChecker` module to your project. This module should maintain two arrays of strings, both of size 5 (statically allocated): `m_badWords`: an array with 5 misspelled words `m_goodWords`: an array with the correct spelling of those 5 words

***Public Members***

`SpellChecker(const char* filename);`: a constructor that receives as a parameter the name of the file that contains the misspelled words. If the file is missing, this constructor should generate an exception of type `const char*`, with the message `Bad file name!` this constructor should load the content of the file. Each line from the file is in the format `BAD_WORD GOOD_WORD`; the two fields can be separated by any number of spaces.

`void operator()(std::string& text) const` this operator should search in `text` if any of the misspelled words appear and replace them with the correct version.

When implementing the operator, consider the following functions: [std::string::find()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/find) [std::string::replace()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/replace)

### `Book` Module

Add to the `Book` class a public template function: `void fixSpelling(T spellChecker)`: this function should call the overloaded `operator()` on instance `spellChecker`, passing to it the book description.

In this design, type `T` must have an overload of the `operator()` that accepts a string as a parameter.

**Since this is a template function, it must be implemented in the header!** The class is not a template.

### `Movie` Module

Design and code a class named `Movie` that should be able to store the following information (for each attribute, you can chose any type you think its appropriateyou must be able to justify the decisions you have made):

**title** **the year of release** **the description**

***Public Members*** a default constructor `const std::string& title() const`: a query that returns the title of the movie `Movie(const std::string& strMovie)`: A constructor that receives the movie as a string; this constructor is responsible to extract the information about the movie from the parameter and store it in the attributes of the instance. The parameter will always have the following format:`TITLE,YEAR,DESCRIPTION`This constructor should remove all spaces from the **beginning and end** of any token in the string.

When implementing the constructor, consider the following functions: [std::string::substr()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/substr) [std::string::find()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/find) [std::string::erase()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/erase) [std::stoi()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/stol)

`void fixSpelling(T spellChecker)`: a template function. This function should call the overloaded `operator()` on instance `spellChecker`, passing to it the movie title and description.

In this design, type `T` must have an overload of the `operator()` that accepts a string as a parameter.

**Since this is a template function, it must be implemented in the header!** The class is not a template.

**Add any other function that is required by your design!**

***Friend Helpers*** overload the insertion operator to insert the content of a movie object into an **ostream** object, in the following format:`TITLE | YEAR | DESCRIPTION` the **title** should be printed on a field of size 40; the **year** should be printed on a field of size 4;

### `Collection` Module

Add a `Collection` module to your project. The purpose of this class is to manage a collection items of template type `T`. Since this is template class, it doesnt need a `.cpp` file.

This module should manage a **dynamically allocated** array of objects of type `T`, resizing it when a new item is added. Using a callback function, this class will inform the client when a new item has been added to the collection.

The class collection will provide two overloads for `operator[]` to access the stored item.

***Private Data***

the name of the collection; a dynamically allocated array of items `T` the size of the array a pointer to a function that returns `void` and receives two parameters of type `const Collection<T>&` and `const T&`.

This is the **observer** function (it *observes* an event): when an item has been added to the collection, the class `Collection<T>` will call this function informing the client about the adition.

***Public Members***

`Collection(std::string name)`: sets the name of the collection to the parameter and all other attributes to their default value this class doesnt support copy operations; delete them. a destructor `const std::string& name() const`: a query that returns the name of the collection. `size_t size() const`: a query that returns how many items are in the collection.

`void setObserver(void (*observer)(const Collection<T>&, const T&))`: stores the parameter into an attribute, to be used when an item is added to the collection. The parameter is a pointer to a function that returns `void` and accepts two parameters: a collection and an item that has just been added to the collection.

`Collection<T>& operator+=(const T& item)`: adds a copy of `item` to the collection, only if the collection doesnt contain an item with the same title (type `T` has a member function called `title()` that returns the title of the item). If `item` is already in the collection, this function does nothing. If the item is not already in the collection, this function: resize the array to accomodate the new item if there is an observer registered, call the observer function passing `*this` and the new item as parameters.

`T& operator[](size_t idx) const`: returns the item at index `idx`. if the index is out of range, this function throws an exception of type `std::out_of_range` with the message `Bad index [IDX]. Collection has [SIZE] items.`. Use operator `+` to concatenate strings.

When implementing this operator, consider the following: [std::to_string()](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string/to_string) [std::out_of_range](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/out_of_range)

`T* operator[](std::string title) const`: returns the address of the item with title `title` (type `T` has a member function called `title()` that returns the title of the item). If no such item exists, this function returns `nullptr`.

***FREE Helpers***

overload the insertion operator to insert the content of a `Collection` object into an **ostream** object. Iterate over all elements in the collection and insert each one into the `ostream` object (do not add newlines).

**:warning:Important: The class `Collection` should have no knowledge of any of the custom types you have defined (`Book`, `Movie`, `SpellChecker`).**

### Sample Output

When the program is started with the command (the files are provided):`w5.exe books.txt movies.txt missing_file.txt words.txt`the output should look like the one from the `sample_output.txt` file.