[SOLVED] Ece210 lab 1: – simple and-or-not circuits

In this laboratory, students will engage in the development of combinational logic circuits, initially utilizing
basic AND, OR, and NOT logic gates.Following this, they will code their solutions using VHDL, utilizing the
Xilinx Zybo Z7 FPGA development board along with the Vivado software. This lab serves as a crucial stepping
stone, providing a transition from circuit prototyping with Integrated Circuits (ICs) to Field-Programmable
Gate Arrays (FPGAs).Upon completion of this laboratory exercise, students will be able to:
1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts and operations of
combinational logic circuits, including AND, OR, and NOT logic gates.
2. Apply knowledge of Karnaugh Maps (K-maps) in the design and optimization of logic circuits.3. Integrate the theoretical knowledge of digital logic design with practical skills in FPGA development,
K-map optimization, and circuit monitoring, preparing for more advanced studies and applications in the
field of electronics and digital system design.4. Utilize VHDL programming to implement and validate logic circuit designs on the Xilinx Zybo Z7 FPGA
development board using the Vivado software.
5. Acquire hands-on experience prototyping circuits by building them on a breadboard and also more
versatile methodologies like programming Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) using VHDL.6. Develop proficiency in utilizing the Analog Discovery 2 for real-time monitoring of circuit inputs and
outputs, aiding in performance analysis and troubleshooting.PRE-LAB
You are expected to first read the lab instructions and background and then complete the pre-lab assignment
before attending the lab sessions. The pre-lab assignment must be submitted on eClass and no late submission is
accepted. You are responsible for including your pre-lab assignment as an appendix to your lab report if necessary.Refer to Tutorial Lab as well to refresh lessons learnt.
Logic equation(s) minimization using Karnaugh Map (K-Map):
a. Simplify the logic relationship between inputs A,B,C & D to outputs F1 and F2 using K-Map, helping us
find the simplest logic equation for any given truth table. (Prelab write up required).b. Draw the schematic diagram of minimized equations using only AND, OR and NOT gates. (Pre-lab write
up required).
c. It’s highly recommended to finish breadboarding of minimized functions (F1, F2) before coming to the
lab, this will help you accomplish assigned tasks within lab time. If you aren’t familiar with breadboarding,
you must watch the tutorial videos posted on eClass, helping you understand the basics on how to use the
breadboard to build a circuit. (no write up required).Integrated Circuits (IC’s) pinouts and packaging forms:
The primary categorization of IC packaging can be divided into two groups: through-hole and surface mount.
ICs are available in a variety of packaging forms, each offering its unique set of features and uses. Key types
include DIP (Dual In-line Package), SOIC (Small Outline Integrated Circuit), QFP (Quad Flat Package), and
BGA (Ball Grid Array).The following table offers a comparative view of these popular IC packaging forms.
Package Names, relevant questions and answers Pictorial Looks
Dual-In-Line Package (DIP)
DIP is a through-hole type and has two rows of
pins intended for insertion into a breadboard or
PCB.
Where is DIP package pin #1?Answer:
Seeing the package from the top, one can see a notch in
the top middle or a circle on the top left hand side or
both, as shown in the pictures. The top left pin is #1 and
the pin numbering goes as shown and in the respective IC
datasheet.Small outline integrated circuit (SOIC)
A smaller, surface mount type, is designed for situations
where space efficiency is crucial.
Where is SOIC package pin #1?
Same as described for DIP packages.Quad Flat Pack (QFP)
Another surface mount type, has four sides of pins
and is useful for higher pin count applications.
Where is QFP package pin 1?
Top left has the etched circle or cut corners as shown.
click here to see an example from a component datasheet
Ball Grid Array (BGA)
Known for its underside grid of solder balls, allows
for even higher pin densities and improved heat
dissipation.Where is BGA package pin #1
An etched circle, marked line, cut corners or all combined
on the top left hand side of the package. Refer to package
datasheet for pinout details.
click here to see an example from a component datasheetLAB HARDWARE
Students will use Digilent Analog Discovery 2 hardware to complete this lab. Let’s get you introduced to this
hardware tool.
Key features and associated details:
➔ 30MHz bandwidth 2 channel (1+, 1-and 2+, 2-)
oscilloscope.
➔ 12MHz bandwidth 2 channel (W1, W2)
waveform generator.
➔ One positive supply channel (V+) of up to +5
volts.
➔ One negative supply channel of (V-) up to -5
volts.
➔ Two channels for external triggering (T1, T2).
➔ 16-channel (0-15) digital logic analyzer.
➔ ↓ => Ground (GND) lines.DIGILENT ANALOG DISCOVERY 2
WaveForms is the software for Analog Discovery 2 and here are details on how to use it.
1. Doubleclick on Waveforms icon on desktop OR click
Start➞All Programs➞Digilent➞Waveform Applications➞Waveforms
2. Click on the Settings menu and select Device Manager.3. Select “Discovery2” and click “Select” on bottom right. This will bring you back to the main screen.
4. Click on the Wavegen button to open the waveform generation tab. Click the “Run
All” or “Run” button.
a. Click on the Supplies button to open the DC power supply generation tab.b. Select 5V for V+
and click on to turn it on.
c. Click on Scope button to open oscilloscope channels monitoring tab and
click Run5. This step is only for students to learn the capabilities offered by Digilent Analog Discovery. Students
may or may not use the waveform generator capability of Analog Discovery in this lab.
a. Connect waveform generation W1 channel with oscilloscope channel 1+ and power supply V+
channel with 2+, using male header pins or stripped wires.
b. You will get the following view depending on your selection on the right hand side menu options.6. Learn how to use the voltmeter. Turn the voltmeter selector knob from off to DC voltage, make sure the
red voltmeter cable is inserted in and black cable is inserted into . Now touch the red cable with V+
output channel and black to ⏚ (GND) to see results.Students should now be comfortable in using additional lab resources to what they learnt in Lab 0 to complete
this lab, any questions kindly seek guidance from lab teaching staff.
Note 1: Human touch to an IC package
pins without properly grounding their
body can potentially damage the IC due
to the body’s static electricity discharge
to IC. Lab teaching staff will
demonstrate how to hold and use IC
packages.Note 2: In this lab we will only be
working with DIP IC packages.LAB COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS
1. Implement your pre-lab design using breadboard, stripped wires and AND, OR, NOT logic gates, for F1
and F2. Relevant components datasheets will provide all information required to complete this section of
the lab. Use voltmeter to verify a few cases.
Note 3: Use the V+ DC supply output to power IC’s.
Refer to the IC datasheet to find the pinout and
connect VCC and GND appropriatelyNote 4: The use of pull up and pull down resistors is a
common practice in digital electronics by ensuring that
the input pins are always in a well-defined state, either
‘HIGH’ (logic 1) or ‘LOW’ (logic 0) to prevent
‘floating’ states from generating noisy signals that
might interfere with the circuit’s expected behavior. In
the next drawing and picture you can see the schematic
diagram and breadboard connections for both of these.Note 4: With pull up/down resistors in
place you can connect the DIO ports from
the Analog Discovery 2 as you would
connect normal inputs, this approach
guarantees that the inputs will always have a
defined value in case the input is left
‘floating’Instead of connecting your inputs to power and ground through the pull up or pull down resistors, connect them
to the DIO ports of the AD2(Analog Discovery 2)
Using the patterns window and the logic window, you can test your circuit.Note 5: The circuits depicted in the
previous illustrations serve only as a
demonstrative example and should not
be construed as a solution to the
exercise problem. They are intended to
illustrate key concepts and assist you in
understanding the overall layout and
connections. Students are expected to
refer to relevant IC datasheets to find
pinouts and make the required
connections to implement the solution
for F1 and F2.Open the patterns window and set up input patterns as shown in the next picture:In the logic window, add the input and output signals (DIO0 to DIO5) as shown in the next picture. Change
the scan mode to “Shift” and then click on Scan. You should be able to see the patterns live, for both the inputs
and outputs. Click on Stop and capture all cases. Include such snapshots in your report.2. Implement pre-lab work using VHDL and show simulation test cases results. Open a new project in
Vivado, follow the same steps mentioned in lab 0. Download lab1.vhd, lab1_tb.vhd, and const.xdc
from e-class and add them to your project. Complete source file, lab1.vhd. Assume:
sw(0)= A
sw(1)= B
sw(2)= C
sw(3)= D
led(0)= F1
led(1)= F2
led(0) <= ( sw(??) and sw(??) ) or sw(??); — Sample solution for F1
led(1) <= ( sw(??) and sw(??) ) or ( sw(??) and sw(??) ); — Sample solution for F2
Implement and demonstrate your design on the Zybo Z7 board.Note 6: Don’t try to match your test cases with the
picture shown below, since it most likely won’t match
yours given that your design might be different.DOCUMENTATION
This lab exercise requires a formal report. This report is due within two weeks of completing the lab and must be
uploaded to the appropriate submission link on eClass. Don’t forget to include your name, section number, and
lab number on the title page, and follow the guidelines described on eClass. Hand written reports will not be
accepted.Items your report should include are:
1. Your name, section number, and lab number on the title page.
2. The pre-lab assignment.
3. Photos of breadboard from Requirement 1.
4. Screenshots of logic window from Requirement 1.
5. Code written for Requirement 2.
6. Screenshot of simulation window from Requirement 2.
7. Organized and written as per guidelines on eClass.REFERENCES
● References
● Zybo Z7 Documentation, Tutorials and Example Projects
● Zybo Z7 Reference Manual
● “Introduction to Logic Circuits & Logic Design with VHDL” ; Brock J. LaMeres; Pub. Date: 2019 Springer
Nature Switzerland AG; Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12488-5