Last week, we developed a web page to display a fictional World Gurning Competition.

In this weeks exercise, you will follow the steps below to add CSS styling to this web page. We will practice all 3 different ways to add styling to the web page:

• inline (using a style attribute in HTML elements),
• document (using style element in the HTML head section), and
• external (using external CSS files).

When you complete this exercise, the webpage will look like the following:

Part 1. Inline CSS

Make a copy of the web page competition.html that you developed last week into a new file called competition1.html . We will use inline CSS for it. Follow the steps below to modify the file competition1.html .

Step 1. Using font-size property

The font-size CSS property sets the size of the font.

Last week we used the HTML font tag to set the font size and color for the text World Gurning Competition and the smiley face. Now we will use CSS instead.

Remove all the font tags from the text World Gurning Competition and the smiley face, and put all of them into a single paragraph tag (p). In this paragraph tag, use inline CSS to set font-size to 50px.

In the first table row tag (tr), use inline CSS to set font-size to 40px.

In all the table data tags (td) on the ranking column, use inline CSS to set font-size to 60px.

Step 2. Using color property

The color CSS property sets the foreground color value of an elements text.

Put the word World into a span tag; and in this span tag, use inline CSS to set color to orange . Put the word Gurning into another span tag, and use inline CSS to set color to pink . Put the word Competition into a 3rd span tag and use inline CSS to set color to blue .

In the first table row tag (tr), use inline CSS to set color to navy .

In all the table data tags (td) on the ranking column, use inline CSS to set color to maroon .

In all the unordered list tags (ul), use inline CSS to set color to green .

In all the list item tags (li) that contain the team leader, use inline CSS to set color to purple .

Step 3. Using background-color property

The background-color CSS property sets the background color of an element.

In the paragraph tag (p) that contains the text World Gurning Competition, use inline CSS to set background-color to #ff000010 .

In the first table row tag (tr), use inline CSS to set background-color to #00000010 .

In the table row tags (tr) that correspond to the odd ranking numbers, use inline CSS to set background-color to #cc007711 .

In the table row tags (tr) that correspond to the even ranking numbers, use inline CSS to set background-color to #55ff7720 .

step 4. Using padding property

The padding CSS property sets the padding area on all four sides of an element. This property is a shorthand for the following properties: padding-bottom, padding-left^, padding-right^, padding-top.

In the paragraph tag (p) that contains the text World Gurning Competition, use inline CSS to set padding to 30 px.

In all the table header tag (th), use inline CSS to set padding to 20 px.

In all the table data tag (td), use inline CSS to set padding to 20 px.

In all the list item tags (li), use inline CSS to set padding to 10 px.

Step 5. Using text-align and vertical-align properties

The text-align CSS property sets the horizontal alignment of a block element or table-cell box.

The vertical-align CSS property sets vertical alignment of an inline, inline-block or table-cell box.

In the paragraph tag (p) that contains the text World Gurning Competition, use inline CSS to set text-align to center .

Last week we used the attributes align and valign for the table header tag (th) and table data tag (td). This week we will use CSS, so we now remove all the attributes align and valign from the th and td tags.

In all the table header tags (th) and table data tags (td) of the 1st column, use inline CSS to set text-align to right and vertical-align to top .

In all the table header tags (th) and table data tags (td) of the 2nd column, use inline CSS to set text-align to center and vertical-align to top .

In all the table header tags (th) and table data tags (td) of the 3rd column, use inline CSS to set text-align to left and vertical-align to top .

Step 6. Using border-style, border-color and border-width properties

The border-style CSS property sets the line style for all four sides of an elements border. This property is a shorthand for the following properties: border-bottom-style, border-left-style, border-right-style, border-top-style. The values are: none, hidden, dotted, dashed, solid, double, groove, ridge, inset, outset.

The border-color CSS property sets the color of an elements border. This property is a shorthand for the following properties: border-bottom-color, border-left-color, border-right-color, border-top-color.

The border-width CSS property sets the width of an elements border. This property is a shorthand for the following properties: border-bottom-width, border-left-width, border-right-width, border-top-width.

In the paragraph tag (p) that contains the text World Gurning Competition, use inline CSS to set border-style to dotted , border-color to red , border-width to 5 px.

In all the table header tags (th), use inline CSS to set border-style to dashed , border-color to black , border-width to 5 px.

In all the table data tags (td), use inline CSS to set border-style to solid , border-color to gray, border-width to 1 px.

Step 7. Using border-collapse and border-spacing properties

The border-collapse CSS property sets whether cells inside a table have shared or separate borders. The values are: collapse, separate.

The border-spacing CSS property sets the distance between the borders of adjacent table cells. This property applies only when border-collapse is separate.

In the table tag (table), remove the attribute border .

In the table tag, use inline CSS to set border-style to dotted , border-collapse to separate, border-spacing to 10 px. Observe what it looks like for the table border and table cell borders.

Now, in the above table tag, use inline CSS to set border-style to none , border-collapse to collapse . Observe what it looks like for the table border and table cell borders this time. Notice the difference?!

Part 2. Document CSS

Make a copy of the web page competition.html that you developed last week into a new file called competition2.html . We will use document CSS for it. In the head element, add a style tag. Follow the steps below to modify the file competition2.html .

Step 1. Using font-size property

The font-size CSS property sets the size of the font.

Remove all the font tags from the text World Gurning Competition and the smiley face, and put them into a single paragraph tag (p). Give this paragraph tag the id called competitionPara .

Use CSS id selector to select the id competitionPara and set font-size to 50px.

In the first table row tag (tr), give it an id called headerRow . Use the document CSS to select the id headerRow and set font-size to 40px.

In all the table data tags (td) on the ranking column, set the class to rankingNumber . Use the document CSS to select the class rankingNumber and set font-size to 60px.

Step 2. Using color property

The color CSS property sets the foreground color value of an elements text.

Put the word World into a span tag and give it an id called word1 . Use CSS id selector to select the id word1 and set color to orange .

Put the word Gurning into another span tag and give it an id called word2 . Use CSS id selector to select the id word2 and set color to pink .

Put the word Competition into a 3rd span tag and give it an id called word3 . Use CSS id selector to select the id word3 and set color to blue .

Use the document CSS to select the id headerRow and set color to navy .

Use the document CSS to select the class rankingNumber and set color to maroon .

In all the unordered list tags (ul), set the class to memberList . Use the document CSS to select the class memberList and set color to green .

In all the list item tags (li) that contain the team leader, set the class to leader . Use the document CSS to select the class leader and set color to purple .

Step 3. Using background-color property

The background-color CSS property sets the background color of an element.

Use the document CSS to select the id competitionPara and set background-color to

#ff000010.

Use the document CSS to select the id headerRow and set background-color to #00000010

In the table row tags (tr) that correspond to the odd ranking numbers, set the class to oddRow. In the table row tags (tr) that correspond to the even ranking numbers, set the class to evenRow.

Use the document CSS to select the class oddRow and set background-color to #cc007711.

Use the document CSS to select the class evenRow and set background-color to #55ff7720.

Step 4. Using padding property

The padding CSS property sets the padding area on all four sides of an element. This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties: padding-bottom, padding-left^, padding-right^, padding-top.

Use the document CSS to select the id competitionPara and set padding to 30px.

In the table tag, give it an id called teamTable. Use the document CSS to select all the table header tags (th) which are descendants of the id teamTable and set padding to 20px.

Use the document CSS to select all the table data tags (td) which are descendants of the id teamTable and set padding to 20px.

Use the document CSS to select all the list item tags (li) which are children of the class memberList and set padding to 10px.

Step 5. Using text-align and vertical-align properties

The text-align CSS property sets the horizontal alignment of a block element or table-cell box.

The vertical-align CSS property sets vertical alignment of an inline, inline-block or table-cell box.

Use the document CSS to select the id competitionPara and set text-align to center.

Last week we used the attributes align and valign for the table header tag (th) and table data tag (td). This week we will use CSS, so we now remove all the attributes align and valign from the table header tags (th) and the table data tags (td).

In all the table header tags (th) and table data tags (td) of the 1st column, set the class to rankColumn. Use document CSS to select the class rankColumn and set text-align to right and vertical-align to top .

In all the table header tags (th) and table data tags (td) of the 2nd column, set the class to teamColumn. Use document CSS to select the class teamColumn and set text-align to center and vertical-align to top .

In all the table header tags (th) and table data tags (td) of the 3rd column, set the class to memberColumn. Use document CSS to select the class memberColumn and set text-align to left and vertical-align to top .

Step 6. Using border-style, border-color and border-width properties

The border-style CSS property sets the line style for all four sides of an elements border. This property is a shorthand for the following properties: border-bottom-style, border-left-style, border-right-style, border-top-style. The values are: none, hidden, dotted, dashed, solid, double, groove, ridge, inset, outset.

The border-color CSS property sets the color of an elements border. This property is a shorthand for the following properties: border-bottom-color, border-left-color, border-right-color, border-top-color.

The border-width CSS property sets the width of an elements border. This property is a shorthand for the following properties: border-bottom-width, border-left-width, border-right-width, border-top-width.

Use the document CSS to select the id competitionPara and set border-style to dotted , border-color to red , border-width to 5 px.

Use the document CSS to select all the table header tags (th) which are descendants of the id teamTable and set border-style to dashed , border-color to black , border-width to 5 px.

Use the document CSS to select all the table data tags (td) which are descendants of the id teamTable and set border-style to solid , border-color to gray , border-width to

1px.

Step 7. Using border-collapse and border-spacing properties

The border-collapse CSS property sets whether cells inside a table have shared or separate borders. The values are: collapse, separate.

The border-spacing CSS property sets the distance between the borders of adjacent table cells. This property applies only when border-collapse is separate.

In the table tag (table), remove the attribute border .

Use document CSS to select the id teamTable and set border-style to dotted , border-collapse to separate , border-spacing to 10 px. Observe what it looks like for the table border and table cell borders.

Now, in the above document CSS id selector teamTable , set border-style to none , border-collapse to collapse . Observe what it looks like for the table border and table cell borders this time. Notice the difference?!

Part 3. External CSS

Make a copy of the web page competition2.html that you developed in Part 2 above into a new file called competition3.html. We will use external CSS for it.

Create a CSS file called competition.css, make sure that the file extension is correct.

Use a text editor and open the file competition3.html. Copy all the CSS code inside the style tag of competition3.html into the CSS file competition.css. Save the CSS file competition.css.

Remove all the CSS code and the style tag in the file competition3.html. After that, in the head element, add a link tag:

<link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=competition.css />

Save the file competition3.html and use a web browser to open it. You will see that all the CSS styles will be displayed.