In this assignment you will develop 1) an on-path DNS poisoning attack tool,
and 2) a passive DNS poisoning attack detector. Both tools should be developed
in Go using the GoPacket library, and should support just plain (UDP) DNS
traffic over port 53.
Part 1:
The DNS packet injector you are going to develop, named dnspoison, captures
the traffic from a network interface in promiscuous mode, and injects forged
responses to selected DNS A requests with the goal of poisoning the cache of
the victims resolver.
Your program should conform to the following specification:
go run dnspoison.go [-i interface] [-f hostnames] [expression]
-i Listen on network device <interface> (e.g., eth0). If not specified,
dnspoison should select a default interface to listen on. The same
interface should be used for packet injection.
-f Read a list of IP address and hostname pairs specifying the hostnames to
be hijacked. If -f is not specified, dnspoison should forge replies to
all observed requests with the chosen interfaces IP address as an answer.
The optional <expression> argument is a BPF filter that specifies a subset of
the traffic to be monitored. This option is useful for targeting a single
victim or a group of victims.
The <hostnames> file should contain one IP and hostname pair per line,
separated by whitespace, in the following format:
10.6.6.6 foo.example.com
10.6.6.6 bar.example.com
192.168.66.6 www.cs.stonybrook.edu
Pay attention to the time needed for generating the spoofed response. Your
code should be fast enough so that the injected reply reaches the victim
before the servers real response. The spoofed packet and content should be
valid according to the initial DNS request, and the forged response should be
accepted and processed normally by the victim. Failure to win the race will
not affect your grade, but you should at least try (see hints below).
Part 2
The DNS poisoning attack detector you are going to develop, named dnsdetect,
captures the traffic from a network interface in promiscuous mode and detects
DNS poisoning attack attempts, such as those generated by your own dnspoison,
or dnsspoof (https://www.monkey.org/~dugsong/dsniff/). Detection is based on
identifying duplicate responses within a short time interval towards the same
destination, which contain different answers for the same A request (i.e., the
observation of the attackers spoofed response and the servers actual
response). The order of arrival should not matter: you should raise an alert
irrespectively of whether the attackers spoofed response arrived before or
after the real response. You should make every effort to avoid false
positives, e.g., due to legitimate consecutive responses with different IP
addresses for the same hostname due to DNS-based load balancing.
Your program should conform to the following specification:
go run dnsdetect.go [-i interface] [-r tracefile] expression
-i Listen on network device <interface> (e.g., eth0). If not specified,
the program should select a default interface to listen on.
-r Read packets from <tracefile> (tcpdump format). Useful for detecting
DNS poisoning attacks in existing network traces.
<expression> is a BPF filter that specifies a subset of the traffic to be
monitored.
Once an attack is detected, dnsdetect should print to stdout a detailed alert
containing a printout of both the spoofed and legitimate responses. You can
format the output in any way you like. The output must contain the DNS
transaction ID, the attacked domain name, and the original and malicious IP
addresses for example:
20210309-15:08:49.205618 DNS poisoning attempt
TXID 0x5cce Request www.example.com
Answer1 [List of IP addresses]
Answer2 [List of IP addresses]
For both dnspoison and dnsdetect, feel free to use parts or build upon the
code of your mydump tool from Homework 2.
Hints
Mind your spoofed packets header fields and checksums!
Think about what fields should remain the same or may differ between the
spoofed and actual response packets.
An easy way to test your implementation is using two hosts: the attacker can
be either your real machine or a VM, and the victim can be a different VM.
In both cases, the attacker will be in a position to sniff the victims
traffic and inject packets towards the victim, i.e., perform a
man-on-the-side attack. Alternatively, you can also use ARP spoofing to
perform a man-in-the-middle attack.
Dont forget to disable DoH/DoT, if it is enabled in the victims browser.
If your host OS is configured to use a fast DNS server (e.g., Googles
8.8.8.8), these tend to have a very low RTT of just 3-4ms, so reliably
winning the race will require carefully tuned code. Try pinging the DNS
server to observe its RTT. To win the race more easily and reliably, you can
pick a server that is far away, e.g., 30-40ms away. Here is a list of free
public DNS servers: https://twitgoo.com/best-free-dns-servers/ many of
them have very low latency from SBU, but there are some in the 30-40ms range
(e.g., Alternate DNS, OpenNIC, SmartViper) so your attack should be reliable
using those. Yandex or puntCAT should be even easier, as they are in the
100ms range.
If you still cannot win the race in your setup, for testing purposes you can
slow down or drop the incoming legitimate responses (e.g., using
NetfilterQueue or any other method you prefer). Failure to win the race will
not affect your grade, but the spoofed response should be correct and
accepted by the victim (if it would arrive first).
Some useful examples related to sending raw packets with GoPacket:
https://github.com/google/gopacket/blob/master/examples/pcaplay/main.go
https://github.com/google/gopacket/blob/master/examples/arpscan/arpscan.go
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