[SOLVED] CS computer architecture 228-1 Computer Architecture and Technology

228-1 Computer Architecture and Technology

TU856-1 and TU858-1
Computer Architecture and Technology

(Week 6) Tutorial 5
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Sequential Logic Questions and Answers ( 1 )
What is in here?

What is in here?
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Sequential Logic Questions and Answers ( 2 )

What is in here?
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Sequential Logic Questions and Answers ( 3 )

LOGIC GATES in an ALU!

Oh!! That is what is in there!
(And all through the processor, RAM and ROM!
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The R-S Flip Flop Show
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R-S.gif

This NOR gate R-S flip-flop animation will run if you are running the Slide Show or see it at this Web site:
The clip on this link is also a NOR gate R-S flip-flop animation and its is very clear in its demo. Good old YouTube!!

J-K Flip Flop Sequence
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https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/technical/electronics-digital/dig4203/building-a-binary-counter-with-a-jk-flip-flop

Above is a link for a very informative Building a Binary Counter with aJ-K Flip-Flop animation.

Click on the Next arrows to go through the sequence. You will love it, I am sure.

Sequential Logic and OpCodes
An opcode/gates relationship example

Operation codes as binary you can imagine these binary combinations being generated with gate combinations

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Typical Exam (Sub) Question For This Content
Question
Using written and/or diagrammatic explanations, compare the flip-flop and latch circuits of a microprocessor and specify their main difference.

Sample solution
Flip-Flops and Latches
There are many examples of sequential logic circuits, the common named types being latches and flip-flops.What are latch and flip-flop circuits made of? Gates: NAND and NOR gates, mostly, with NOT gates where required.
An asynchronous latch is an electronic sequential logic circuit used to store information in an asynchronous arrangement. (Asynchronous: they have no Clock input.)
One latch can store one bit. They change output state only in response to data input.
Essentially, they hold a bit value and it remains constant until new inputs force it to change. A type of single-bit stable storage.
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Solution continued

As with latches, flip-flops are another example of a circuit employing sequential logic. A flip-flop can also be called a bistable gate. A type of single-bit storage but not as stable as a latch. A basic flip-flop has two stable states. The flip-flop maintains its states indefinitely until an input pulse (a trigger from the clock) is received. If a trigger is received, the flip-flop outputs change their states according to defined rules, and remain in those states until another trigger is received.

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Solution continued
The main difference between a latch and flip-flop: latches are level-sensitive while flip-flops are edge-sensitive. Both might require the use of a clock signal and are used in sequential logic. (The clock on the latch is for synchronisation whereas the clock on the flip-flop may trigger a change in output.)
For a latch, the output tracks the input when the clock signal is high, so as long as the clock is logic 1 the output can change if the input also changes. (Logic 1 + new data = new output)
Flip-flops, in comparison, will store the input only when there is a rising/falling edge of the clock. (Edge-triggered, so may flip on clock pulses.)

(10 marks)
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