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Incremental Concept Learning

Learning by Recording Cases
Incremental Concept Learning
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Classification
Learning

Lesson Preview

Purpose of incremental concept learning

Variabilization

Specialization

Generalization

Heuristics for specialization and generalization

This is a foo.

This is not a foo.

This is a foo.

Is this a foo?

Yes
No

Is this a foo?
Yes
No

Is this a foo?
Yes
No

Is this a foo?
Yes
No

Is this a foo?
Yes
No

Incremental Concept Learning

Given new example:
Is this an example of the concept?
Does it fit the current definition of the concept?
Does it fit the current definition of the concept?
Do nothing
Generalize
Specialize
Do nothing
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No

An Arch
Brick
A
Brick B
Brick
C
Brick
D
supports
supports
left-of
supports

An Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
supports

Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
An Arch

Current Concept
An Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
supports
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of

Current Concept
An Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
supports
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
New Concept

Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of

Current Concept
An Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
supports
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of

drop-link heuristic
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
New Concept

Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
Current Concept

Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch

Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
Current Concept
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch

Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
Current Concept
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
must-
support
left-of
New Concept
must-
support

Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
Current Concept
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
must-
support
left-of
New Concept
must-
support
require-link heuristic

Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch
touches
touches
supports
supports

Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Current Concept
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch
touches
touches
supports
supports
must-
support
must-
support

Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Current Concept
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch
touches
touches
supports
supports
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
New Concept
touches
touches
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support

Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Current Concept
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch
touches
touches
supports
supports
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
New Concept
touches
touches
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
forbid-link heuristic

Wedge
Brick
Brick
left-of
An Arch

supports
supports

Current Concept
An Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
Wedge
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
must-
support
must-
support

Current Concept
An Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
Wedge
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
Brick
or
Wedge
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
New Concept

Current Concept
An Arch
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
Wedge
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
left-of
Brick
or
Wedge
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
enlarge-set heuristic
New Concept

Current Concept
Background Knowledge
Brick
or
Wedge
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
Block
Brick
Wedge
is-a
is-a
must-
support
must-
support

Current Concept
Brick
or
Wedge
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
Block
Brick
Wedge
is-a
is-a
Block
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
New Concept
Background Knowledge

Current Concept
Brick
or
Wedge
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
Block
Brick
Wedge
is-a
is-a
Block
Brick
Brick
left-of
touches
touches
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
climb-tree heuristic
New Concept
Background Knowledge

Heuristics for Specializing and Generalizing
require-link: link must be present to be a positive example of the concept

forbid-link: link must be absent to be a positive example of the concept

drop-link: link is not necessary to be a positive example of the concept
enlarge-set: multiple objects or links may fit one role in the concept

climb-tree: generalize over multiple objects in the same role based on knowledge

close-interval: expand range of values to be a positive example of the concept

This is a foo.

Current Concept

Variabalize this concept on the right.

Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick

This is a foo.
Variabalize this concept on the right.

Current Concept

Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick

This is a foo.
Write the connections for this concept on the right.
supports
supports
supports
supports

Current Concept

This is not a foo.
Modify the concept on the right to specialize based on this example.
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
supports
supports

touches
touches
Current Concept

Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
supports
supports
supports
supports

touches
touches
This is a foo.
Modify the concept on the right to generalize based on this example.
Current Concept

Brick
Brick or Cylinder
Brick or Cylinder
Brick
supports
supports
supports
supports

touches
touches
This is a foo.
Modify the concept on the right to generalize based on this example.
Current Concept

Background Knowledge
Block
Brick
Cylinder
is-a
is-a
Brick
Brick or Cylinder
Brick or Cylinder
Brick
supports
supports
supports
supports

touches
touches
Modify the concept on the right to generalize based on this knowledge.
Current Concept

Background Knowledge
Block
Brick
Cylinder
is-a
is-a
Brick
Block
Block
Brick
supports
supports
supports
supports

touches
touches
Modify the concept on the right to generalize based on this knowledge.
Current Concept

Current Concept

Brick
Block
Block
Brick
supports
supports
supports
supports

touches
touches
This is not a foo.
Modify the concept on the right to specialize based on this example.

Final Concept
Brick
Block
Block
Brick
supports
supports
supports
supports
touches
touches

Assignment

How would you use incremental concept learning to design an agent that could answer Ravens progressive matrices?

To recap

Purpose of incremental concept learning

Variabilization

Specialization

Generalization

Heuristics for specialization and generalization

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