Computer Systems
Lecture 7
Computer Architecture
2
Outline
Some history: early computing machines Computer Architecture
Sigma16 Instructions
Memory
3
How computers developed
Adding machines
Machines that could add, subtract, multiply, divide
Machines that could do fixed sequences of arithmetic (they could change)
Machines that could look at the results of arithmetic and then decide what to do next
4
Three key ideas
Make a machine that performs a fixed sequence of arithmetic operations Provide a way to change that sequence
Configure the machine for a specific problem by defining the sequence of operations to perform
Jacquard loom: machine to simplify the process of manufacturing textiles that used punched cards
Babbages Difference Engine: machine used to calculate functions for nautical tables
Make it possible to compare two numbers, and then decide what to do next
Instead of fixed sequence of operations, a conditional if x
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