[SOLVED] CS algorithm PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation

Learning by Correcting Mistakes

Metacognition
Learning by Correcting Mistakes
Meta-Reasoning
Ethics in Artificial Intelligence

Lesson Preview

Explanation-based learning revisited

Isolating mistakes

Explaining mistakes

Correcting mistakes

A Cup
A cup is an object that is stable and enables drinking.

An Object
This object is light and made of porcelain. It has a decoration, a concavity, and a handle. The bottom is flat.

Can we prove this object is a cup?

Which of these objects are cups? Check the box in the top left for each cup.

Which of these objects meet our definition of a cup? Check the box in the top right for each object that meets our definition.

A Cup
A cup is an object that is stable and enables drinking.

An Object
This object is light and made of porcelain. It has a decoration, a concavity, and a handle. The bottom is flat.

Can we prove this object is a cup?

Questions for Learning from Mistakes

1. How can the agent isolate the error in its former model?

2. How can the agent explain the problem that led to the error?

3. How can the agent repair the model to prevent the error from recurring?

handle-
fixed
handle-
moves

Algorithm for Isolating Mistakes

To find suspicious true-success relations:
Intersect all true successes (T)
Union all false successes (F)
Remove assertions in union from intersection (T F)

To find suspicious false-success relations:
Intersect all false successes (F)
Union all true successes (T)
Remove all assertions in union from intersection (F T)

Old Rule

If:
Object has bottom
Bottom is flat
Object has concavity
Object is lightweight
Object has a handle

Then:
Object is a cup
New Rule

If:
Object has bottom
Bottom is flat
Object has concavity
Object is lightweight
Object has a handle
Handle is fixed

Then:
Object is a cup

Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Current Concept
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch
touches
touches
supports
supports
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
New Concept
touches
touches
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support

Questions for Learning from Mistakes

1. How can the agent isolate the error in its former model?

2. How can the agent explain the problem that led to the error?

3. How can the agent repair the model to prevent the error from recurring?

Object
Cup
is
Object
Bottom
has
Bottom
Flat
is
Object
Concavity
has
Object
Light
is
Object
Handle
has
Object
Porcelain
made-of
Object
Decoration
has
Object
Liquids
carries
Object
Liftable
is
Object
Drinking
enables
Object
Stable
is

Object
Cup
is
Object
Bottom
has
Bottom
Flat
is
Object
Concavity
has
Object
Light
is
Object
Handle
has
Object
Porcelain
made-of
Object
Decoration
has
Object
Liquids
carries
Object
Liftable
is
Object
Drinking
enables
Object
Stable
is

Object
Cup
is
Object
Concavity
has
Object
Light
is
Object
Handle
has
Object
Liquids
carries
Object
Liftable
is
Object
Drinking
enables
Handle
Fixed
is

Object
Cup
is
Object
Concavity
has
Object
Light
is
Object
Handle
has
Object
Liquids
carries
Object
Liftable
is
Object
Drinking
enables
Handle
Fixed
is

Is this a good way to fix this error?

Yes, because it shows only fixed-handle cups enable drinking.
No, because it will exclude some actual cups.
No, because some non-cups will still be included.
No, because it will cause incorrect decisions about other objects.

Object
Cup
is
Object
Concavity
has
Object
Liquids
carries
Object
Drinking
enables
Handle
Fixed
is
Object
is
Object
Handle
has
Object
Liftable
is
Light

Object
Cup
is
Object
Concavity
has
Object
Light
is
Object
Handle
has
Object
Liquids
carries
Object
Liftable
is
Object
Drinking
enables
Handle
Fixed
is
Object
Manipulable
is

Object
Cup
is
Object
Concavity
has
Object
Light
is
Object
Handle
has
Object
Liquids
carries
Object
Liftable
is
Object
Drinking
enables
Handle
Fixed
is
Object
Manipulable
is
Object
Orientable
is

Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Current Concept
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
Not an Arch
touches
touches
supports
supports
Brick
Brick
Brick
left-of
New Concept
touches
touches
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support
must-
support

Assignment

How would you use diagnosis to design an agent that could answer Ravens progressive matrices?

To recap

Explanation-based learning and incremental concept learning revisited

Isolating mistakes

Explaining mistakes

Correcting mistakes

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