[SOLVED] 程序代写 SWEN90016 Software Processes & Project Management

SWEN90016Software Processes & Project Management

Software Processes & Project Management

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2022 – Semester 1
Tutorial Week 10

Copyright University of Melbourne 2017-2022
Ethics, Outsourcing, and Procurement

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
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Ethical Responsibilities of IT

Australian Computer Society (ACS)
Code of Professional ConductIEEE: Software Engineering
Code of Ethics, Professional Practice
1Priorities: place the interests of the community above personal or sectional interests.Preserve the integrity and security of the other’s information.Public: Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest.
2Competency: work competently and diligently for my clients and employers.Advise when I believe a proposed project is not in their best interestsClient and Employer: act in the best interests of their client & employer, consistent with the public interest.
Product: Software engineers shall ensure that their products meet the highest professional standards possible.
3Honesty: be honest about my skills, knowledge, services and products.
Not knowingly mislead a client as to the suitability of a product or serviceJudgment: Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment.
4Social Implications: I must strive to enhance the quality of life of those affected by my work.Respect people’s privacy.Management: promote an ethical approach to the management of software development.
Profession: advance the integrity and reputation of the profession, consistent with the public interest.
Colleagues: be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.
5Professional Development: enhance the professional development of myself, colleagues, employees, students and be aware of community issues affecting the IT profession.Self: participate in lifelong professional learning and promote an ethical practice of the profession.
6Information Technology Profession: enhance the integrity of the IT profession and respect each other.
Take appropriate action if I discover a colleague has unethical behavior.

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
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What is Ethics?

Organisational ethics express the values of an organization to its employees and/or other entities irrespective of governmental and/or regulatory laws.
-Ethics are the principles and values used by an individual to govern his or her actions and decisions

Explain Code of Ethics

Ethical Responsibilities of IT
ACS Code of Professional Conduct with
IEEE Software Engineering Code of Ethics

How are the two codes similar/different?

ACS Code of ConductIEEE Code of Ethics
1interests of the communitypublic interest
2client & employer best interestclient, employer & public best interest
professional standard products
3honestintegrity
4quality of lifeethical management of development
enhance profession’s reputation
fair to colleagues.
5professional & community awarelifelong professional learning & ethical
6enhance profession’s reputation,
take appropriate action

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE
Examine the ACS Code of Professional Conduct and compare with IEEE Software Engineering Code of Ethics.
How are the two codes similar/different?

(10 minutes)

Ethics: Practical Guide

Questions to consider before making a decision:

Would I be happy for this action to be prominent in tomorrow’s news?
Is there a universal rule that applies here?
Will the proposed action result is a good outcome?
What would happen if everybody did this?
How will this action impact on the character of myself/ my organisation?
Is the action consistent with my values and principles?

Lecture slide

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE

Case Studies of Ethical Failure
Post Office admits wrong prosecution of sub-postmasters

www.bbc.com/news/uk-23233573
Prisoners released early due to software bug

www.bbc.com/news/technology-35167191
Software bug introduced in 2002.
Government department notified by family of victim in 2012
Bug fixed in 2015, problem was allowed to continue for 13 years
Software bug introduced in 2015 affected ~11,500 UK sub-postmasters
Sub-postmasters were billed incorrectly and prosecuted for theft
Some lost their homes and a few went to prison

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
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Tax Software Package – Case Study
A software development company has produced a new software package that incorporates new tax laws & figures taxes for both individuals and small businesses.

The president of the company knows that the program has a number of bugs. He also believes the first firm to put this kind of software on the market is likely to capture the largest market share. The company widely advertises the program. When the company actually ships the product, it includes a disclaimer of responsibility for errors resulting from the use of the program. The company expects it will receive a number of complaints, queries, and suggestions for modification. The company plans to use these to make changes and eventually issue updated, improved, and debugged versions. The president argues that this is general industry policy and that anyone who buys version 1.0 of a program knows this and will take proper precautions.

Because of the known bugs, a number of users filed incorrect tax returns and were penalized by the Australian Tax Office.

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
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Tax Pack Case Study
Ethics Case Study 1 – Tax Software Package

Evaluate this IT ethical dilemma.

As the person in charge, what would you have done?

How could the ACS code of ethics have guided you?

What is the relationship between the ethical and the legal?

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
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Allow ~5+ minutes reading time if most students have not read the case study. (15 minutes)

1. Identify actual and potential ethical issues in the scenario, arising out of the actions or decisions of
individuals within the case study.
2. Analyse the implications of each of those actions/decisions in relation to the ACS Code of Professional
Conduct or the Software Engineering Code of Ethics. You should be able to explain in what way the
action/decision fails to meet the standard of conduct expected, by referencing specific aspects of the ACS
Code of Professional Conduct/Software Engineering Code of Ethics. Make sure to include how any legal
considerations might affect your analysis.
3. Discuss possible or alternative actions/decisions that individuals in the scenario could take which would be
consistent with the standard of conduct specified in the codes of conduct.

When looking at the ethics questions/problems, use the following to see if they help:

• What are the possible choices?
• Is there a right or wrong choice?
• What are possible consequences of each choice?
• Who will be affected by each choice?
• Would I feel guilty because of any of the choices?
• Would any of the choices embarrass me if others found out?
• Do I have an obligation or duty to make a certain choice or to report the situation?
• If there are negative consequences for doing the right thing, how can I face them in a strong, positive way?
• How do the choices relate to the ACS code of conduct?

Done with IT ethics

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE

Outsourcing
Engage an external party (under contract) to perform services or create goods that are traditionally performed in-house by the company’s local employees.
Types of Outsourcing:
1. Onshoring:
Relocating activities inside national borders to access targeted benefits.

2. Nearshoring:
Activities relocated to another country with close proximity e.g. for Australia, & Indonesia.

3. Offshoring:
Activities relocated to another country irrelevant of geographical location and time zones.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
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Outsourcing: Pros and Cons
•Reduces costs
•Access to scarce capabilities & skills
•Time spread –24/7 based activities
•Focus scarce internal resources on core business activities
•Leverage best practice
•Access better technology
•Lower training costs in high turnover jobs
•Flexibility – ramp up and down
•Increase accountability – contracts
•Mitigate risk – access established and proven approaches e.g. Agile, Project Management etc
•Loss of control over process
•Process / supply chain fragmentation
•Security issues
•Local employees feel threatened
•Additional effort & cost to engage & manage
•Lower quality work / work to contract
•Time zones, cultural & language challenges
•Stability – political, economic, religious
•Ethics -environment, slave / child labour
•Difficult to change
•Damages to the local job markets
•Loss of relationship building opportunity with key stakeholders

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE

OutsourcingInsourcing
AdvantagesDisadvantagesAdvantagesDisadvantages

Example decision table used to evaluate outsourcing

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE
Outsourcing Quiz
Local employees feel threatened
Less relationship building opportunity between stakeholders
Loss of control of process
Difficult to change
All of the above
What are the valid criticisms of outsourcing?

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE

Outsourcing Quiz
Increased wages
Job prestige and education
Increased quality of life
All of the above

What are the benefits to ‘Developing Countries’ from organizations that outsource to them?

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE

Outsourcing Quiz
Nearshoring
Offshoring
All of the above

Which of the following is a type of outsourcing?

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE

Outsourcing

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTAr_J53x70

Done with Outsourcing

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE

Procurement

www.procurepoint.nsw.gov.au/policy-and-reform/nsw-government-procurement-information/nsw-procurements-approach

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE
Management Process consists of 3 broad stages:
1. Plan: consult key stakeholders, define the ‘real’ need/requirements, analyse supply market, assess risks and define best strategy
2. Source: identify probity and fair suppliers and engage best value supply.Determine sourcing method from alternatives, (not just tendering).
3. Manage: Make contract with suppler, identify and manage what we get. Manage on-going relationship, deliver best outcome for the organisation.

Procurement

www.procurepoint.nsw.gov.au/policy-and-reform/nsw-government-procurement-information/nsw-procurements-approach
– consulting key stakeholders,
– define ‘real’ need,
– analysing supply, assessing risks
=> Procurement Strategy
– engage best value /good probity suppliers,
– source via tender or other methods (invitation)
– rights and responsibilities contract, – get what was contracted for
– on-going relationship
=> best outcome

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE
1.Plan: consulting key stakeholders, define ‘real’ need, analysing supply, assessing risks => Procurement Strategy
2.Source: engage best value/good probity suppliers. sourcing via tender of other methods (invitation)
3.Manage: rights and responsibilities contract, understand and ‘get what we contracted for’.on-going relationship, best outcome

Procurement Quiz
a) Identify & engage suppliers with the best value for money

b) Consult with key stakeholders to define the ‘real’ need, define the best Procurement Strategy for the organisation.

c) Articulate the rights and responsibilities of the parties

d) Sign an arrangement/contract and start relationship with supplier

What is the principal objective of the ‘Source’ Procurement Management Process?

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
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Contracts: Procurements
The buyer prepares a detailed
Statement of Work (SoW)

The buyer prepares a Request for Proposal (RFP) or Quote (RFQ)

The seller/buyer sign a contract, include the SoW

Contract types vary:“fixed price” (seller risk),“time & materials” (buyer risk)

The quality metrics are based on a Service Level Agreement (SLA) contract
Formal Procurements: Plan and document

fixed scope

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
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PMBok process

Contracts: Procurements
Set up an evaluation team
Plan evaluation process

Evaluate loose coupled services with potential collaborators

Deliver software with collaboration partner

Agile balances
the security/stability of contracts
against the reactivity to control outcomes
Agile Procurements: contentious/divergent

emergent scope

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE
Agile Manifesto values customer collaboration over contract negotiation. Build cooperative relationship between buyers and sellers
Dev team identify items needing procurement (graphic component supplier). The Scrum Master facilitates the acquisition.

Thank You!

SWEN90016 Software Processes and Project Management
IT ALL STARTS HERE

Way Signs “Outsourcing – In-House Solutions”

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