[SOLVED] assembler compiler CS 1313 010: Programming for Non-majors, Spring 2017

CS 1313 010: Programming for Non-majors, Spring 2017
Programming Project #1: Thinking of a Number

Due by 10:20am Wednesday February 1 2017
This first assignment will help you learn to use the Linux computers administered by OU Infor-
mation Technology for the College of Engineering. An account should have been set up for you
automatically. If you have trouble accessing your account, then you MUST contact Dr. Neeman
by no later than Wednesday January 25. You MUST be enrolled in CS1313 to get an account.

Actions and commands that you should perform or type are in the computer boldface font.
Your user name is denoted here as yourusername, but will actually be your OU4+4 ID (the first
4 letters of your last name in all lower case, followed by the last 4 digits of your OU ID number.

The requirements for this assignment are listed on the following pages.

1

I. LOG IN

1. Connect and log in, from a computer that youre sitting at, to:
ssh.ou.edu

(a) From a PC in Carson Engineering Center 205, 206 or S-18:
i. Press Ctrl Alt Delete simultaneously.

ii. This will take you to the Logon Banner screen. Click the OK button or press the
Enter key on the keyboard.

iii. This will take you to the logon screen. CAREFULLY CHECK whether a user-
name has already been selected for you that is, just above the text box for the
password, is there a text box for a username, or your username (your OU4+4), or
some other username (that is, the WRONG USERNAME)?

iv. If the wrong username is shown, then below the text box for the password, click
the Switch User button.

v. If you clicked the Switch User button, you should then click the
Other User button.

vi. Type your OU4+4 username and password in the appropriate text boxes.
vii. Click the button or press the Enter key on the keyboard.

viii. Wait patiently while the PC logs you in and starts up various features.
ix. The Start button (a little circular Windows logo) will appear in the lower left

corner of the screen. (Various other windows may also pop up). Click on the
Start button.

x. When the Start menu pops up, click on
All Programs

xi. Click on
Applications

xii. Using the scroll bar in the middle of the Start menu, scroll down until you find
PuTTY
Click on it. This will make the PuTTY submenu visible.

xiii. In the PuTTY submenu, click on
PuTTY
This will pop up a window titled
PuTTY Configuration

xiv. On the left side of the PuTTY Configuration window, under the heading
Terminal,
is an entry
Keyboard
Click on it.

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xv. This will bring up a section titled
Options controlling the effects of keys
Under this is a heading
Change the sequences sent by:
and beneath that is
The Backspace key
Click to select
Control-H

xvi. A bit lower is
The Function keys and keypad
Click to select
Xterm R6

xvii. On the left side of the PuTTY Configuration window, below
Terminal
and its subentries, is an entry
Window
Click on it.

xviii. This will bring up a section titled
Options controlling PuTTYs window
The first option is
Set the size of the window
Choose EXACTLY 80 columns (which is the default) and EXACTLY 40 rows
(which isnt the default, so youll have to change it).

xix. Below that is an option
When window is resized:
Click on
Forbid resizing completely
NEVER RESIZE THE PUTTY WINDOW USING THE MOUSE, AND NEVER
CLICK THE MAXIMIZE BUTTON AT THE TOP RIGHT OF THE WINDOW.

xx. On the left side of the PuTTY Configuration window, below
Window
is a subentry
Translation
Click on it.

xxi. This will bring up a section titled
Options controlling character set translation
Below that is a section titled
Character set translation
and below that is a menu titled
Remote character set:
In that menu, select
UTF-8

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xxii. On the left side of the PuTTY Configuration window, the first entry is
Session
Click on it.

xxiii. This will bring up a section titled
Basic options for your PuTTY session
The first option is
Specify the destination you want to connect to
and immediately below it is
Host Name (or IP address)
In the text box immediately below that, type the full name of the computer that
you are logging into:
ssh.ou.edu

xxiv. Immediately below this is
Connection type:
below which make sure that
SSH
is selected (it should be the default, so you shouldnt need to click on it).

xxv. At the bottom right of the PuTTY Configuration window, click
Open

xxvi. If a PuTTY Security Alert window pops up, click
Yes

xxvii. When prompted to login as, type your OU4+4 and press Enter .
xxviii. When prompted for your password, type your password (which should be your

OU4+4 password) and press Enter . NOTHING WILL APPEAR AS YOU
TYPE YOUR PASSWORD. This is normal for Unix.

xxix. NOTE: When you log out of a Windows PC in Carson 205, 206 or S-18, your
PuTTY settings will be lost, so youll have to redo all these settings each time.

(b) From your own Windows PC, or from a Windows PC not in Carson 205, 206 or
S-18: You will need to download the PuTTY SSH client onto your desktop. Details
for how to do this can be found on the CS1313 website. Near the bottom of the page
is a section titled Useful Information, and one of the links in this section is titled
Downloading a Secure Shell Client to Your Desktop. Click on it and follow the
directions. Once thats done, the process should be the same as above, starting from
Step I.1(a)xiv.

(c) From your own Apple Mac or a Unix/Linux computer, or a Mac or Unix/Linx
computer not in Carson 205, 206 or S-18:
You should be able to access the command ssh from the Unix command line, like so:
> ssh [email protected]
where yourusername is your user name (that is, your OU4+4).
You may need to resize the terminal window to 80 columns by 40 rows.

4

2. If you cannot log in to ssh.ou.edu, try logging in to:
polk.ou.edu
It turns out that ssh.ou.edu is an alias for some PCs that are named for dead presidents:
when you log in to ssh.ou.edu, youll actually get logged into one of these.

3. Once you log in, youll get some text, and then a Unix prompt probably a greater-than
sign with the text cursor after it, like so:
>
(The text cursor will probably be green.)
There may be some information before the prompt character, such as the name of the com-
puter that youve logged in to (which may be different from ssh.ou.edu), your user
name, and so on. For purposes of CS1313 course materials, well generally use the greater-
than sign > to indicate the Unix prompt.

4. Check the lines of text immediately above the Unix prompt. If there are lines of text that
read something like:
No directory /oushomes/Student/yourusername!
Logging in with home = /.

then you should log out immediately by entering exit at the Unix prompt (you may have
to do this twice to log out fully), and then log back in.

5. Check to be sure that youre in your home directory (a directory in Unix is like a folder in
Windows, and your home directory in Unix is like your desktop in Windows):
> pwd
/oushomes/Student/yourusername
This command is short for Print working directory; that is, print the full name of the di-
rectory that Im currently in. If your current working directory is just a slash (which means
the root directory, which is like C: in Windows), rather than something like
/oushomes/Student/yourusername
then you should log out immediately by entering exit at the Unix prompt (you may have
to do this twice to log out fully), and then log back in.

You may find that your home directory is something like:
/oushomes/FacStaff/yourusername
This is fine, and most likely is because you either currently work for OU or have worked for
OU in the past.

5

II. SET UP (FIRST TIME LOGGING IN ONLY)

1. At the Unix prompt, type EXACTLY the bold text below, excluding the greater-than sign,
which indicates the Unix prompt (all commands MUST be followed by pressing Enter ):
> cp ~neem1883/.login.student ~/.login

This command means: Copy the file named .login.student thats in Dr. Neemans
home directory into my home directory, and name my copy .login. You WONT have
to do this for future logins.
NOTICE:
The Unix copy command is cp.
The first filename after cp is the source (the thing that youre making a copy of); the

second is the destination (the name and/or location of the copy).
Dr. Neemans account name on the IT Linux computers is neem1883, NOT hneeman.
The filenames .login.student and .login both begin with a period (very

important). They are pronounced dot login dot student and dot login, respectively.
In Unix, filenames are case sensitive, meaning that it matters whether you use upper

case (capital) or lower case (small) for each letter in a filename.
In Unix, filename pieces are separated by slashes, NOT by backslashes as in Windows.
The symbol (known as a tilde, pronounced TILL-duh) denotes your home direc-

tory (another way to denote your home directory is yourusername).
The substring neem1883 means the home directory of the user named neem1883.
If for some reason this doesnt work, try
cp /oushomes/FacStaff/neem1883/.login.student ~/.login

2. Enter the following command:
> cp ~neem1883/.profile.student ~/.profile
You WONT have to do this for future logins.

3. Enter the following command:
> cp ~neem1883/.bashrc.student ~/.bashrc
You WONT have to do this for future logins.

4. Enter the following command:
> cp ~neem1883/.cshrc.student ~/.cshrc
You WONT have to do this for future logins.

5. Enter the following command:
> cp ~neem1883/.tcshrc.student ~/.tcshrc
You WONT have to do this for future logins.

6. Enter the following command:
> cp ~neem1883/.nanorc.student ~/.nanorc
You WONT have to do this for future logins.

7. Enter the following command:
> cp ~neem1883/.vimrc.student ~/.vimrc
You WONT have to do this for future logins.

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8. Enter the following command:
> source ~/.profile
This command means: Execute the Unix commands that are in the file named .profile,
which is in my home directory. You WONT have to do this for future logins.

9. Create a subdirectory named CS1313, like so:
> mkdir CS1313
NOTICE: In the subdirectory name CS1313, the CS MUST BE CAPITALIZED; that
is, the directorys name is capital-C capital-S one three one three with no spaces or other
characters in between. This command means: Create a directory named CS1313 as a
subdirectory inside the directory that Im currently in (its like creating a new folder named
CS1313 on your desktop in Windows). You WONT have to do this for future logins.

10. Confirm that you have successfully created your CS1313 directory by listing the directorys
contents:
> ls
CS1313
This command means: List the names of the files and subdirectories in my current working
directory. NOTICE that the command is ell ess that is, small-L small-S rather than
one ess and that ls is short for list.

11. Set the permissions on your CS1313 directory so that only you can access it:
> chmod u=rwx,go= CS1313
This command means: Change the mode (list of permissions) on my subdirectory named
CS1313 so that I (the user) can read files in it, write files in it, and go into (execute)
it, but nobody else can. Your CS1313 directory is now accessible only to you. The
only other people who can access it are the system administrators (sysadmins for short) of
these computers; that is, IT staff. The instructor, the TAs and your CS1313 classmates
CANNOT access your CS1313 subdirectory. You WONT have to do this for future
logins.

12. Log out of the Linux computer by entering exit at the Unix prompt (you may have to
do this twice to log out fully). Once you have completed the setup steps in this section, you
WONT have to do them again when you log in later.

7

III. COPY PP#1 FILES FROM DR. NEEMANS HOME DIRECTORY TO YOURS

1. Log in again.
2. Check to be sure that youre in your home directory:

> pwd
/oushomes/Student/yourusername

3. List the files in your home directory, especially to be sure that you have a CS1313 subdi-
rectory in your home directory:
> ls
CS1313
[There may be other files and subdirectories listed as well.]

4. Go into your CS1313 subdirectory:
> cd CS1313
This command means: Change the working directory to CS1313, which is a subdirectory
of the current working directory. (This is like double-clicking on a folder icon in Windows.)
NOTE: ALL CS1313 project files MUST reside in your CS1313 subdirectory, for this
and ALL future programming projects.

5. Check to be sure that youre in your CS1313 subdirectory:
> pwd
/oushomes/Student/yourusername/CS1313

6. List the files in your CS1313 subdirectory in your home directory:
> ls
[There may be files and subdirectories listed.]

7. ASIDE: To learn more about a particular Unix command, type:
> man commandname
For example, try
> man chmod
which will give you the online manual page for the chmod command. The output of man
goes through another command, more, which shows one screenful at a time. To get the next
screenful, press the spacebar; to get the next line, press Enter . To quit more, press Q .

8. Copy the C source file named my number.c from Dr. Neemans home directory into
your CS1313 directory:
> cp ~neem1883/my number.c .
This command means: Copy the C source file named my number.c from Dr. Neemans
home directory into the directory that Im currently in. NOTICE THE PERIOD at the end
of this command; it means the directory that Im currently in and is VERY IMPORTANT.

9. Confirm that you have my number.c in your CS1313 directory by listing the direc-
torys contents:
> ls
my number.c
This command means: List the names of the files and subdirectories in my current working
directory. NOTICE that the command is ell ess that is, small-L small-S rather than
one ess and that ls is short for list.

8

10. Copy the makefile named makefile from Dr. Neemans home directory into your
CS1313 directory:
> cp ~neem1883/makefile .
Again, notice the period at the end of this command.

11. Confirm that you have makefile in your CS1313 directory by listing the directorys
contents:
> ls
makefile my number.c

12. NOTE: You WONT do this kind of copying for future programming projects; in future you
will write your own programs, typically starting from an empty source file.

9

IV. LOOK AT, MAKE (COMPILE) AND RUN THE ORIGINAL VERSION OF THE PROGRAM

1. If necessary, repeat III.1-4, then definitely repeat III.5-6.

2. For your own understanding, look at the contents of the C source file:

> cat my_number.c

This command means: Output the contents of the text file named my number.c to the
terminal screen. NOTICE that the command to output the contents of a text file to the ter-
minal screen without using the more command is cat, which is short for concatenate,
a word that means output one text file after another in sequence. The output of the cat
command goes to the terminal screen, and in this case, we are only concatenating a single
text file, so were simply outputting the text files contents to the terminal screen.
If the contents of the file exceeds the height of the PuTTY window, then you can scroll up
or down using the scrollbar on the right side of the window.

3. For your own understanding, look at the contents of the makefile:

> cat makefile

4. Make (compile) the executable program for Dr. Neemans original version of my number.c:
> make my_number
gcc -o my_number my_number.c

NOTICE:
In the make command, the command line argument my number is the name of the

executable (the file that can actually be run) that you are making.
The make command runs the C compiler gcc to compile the source file named
my number.c. In the compile command, the command line option
-o my number
indicates that my number is to be the name of the executable; if that option had been
left out, then by default the name of the executable would be a.out (the output of
the assembler), WHICH WOULD BE BAD.

10

5. Once you have successfully compiled Dr. Neemans original version of the program,
RUN the executable several times, using the following values as inputs, in this order:

(a) an integer value less than 1;
(b) an integer value greater than 10;
(c) an integer value between 1 and 10 (inclusive), but far from 5;
(d) an integer value close to 5 (within 1);
(e) 5 (the correct value).

In Unix, you run an executable by entering the name of that executable at the Unix prompt:
> my_number

The sequence of runs will look similar to this:

> my_number
Lets see whether you can guess the number that Im thinking of.
Its between 1 and 10.
What number am I thinking of?
0
Hey! Thats not between 1 and 10!
> my_number
Lets see whether you can guess the number that Im thinking of.
Its between 1 and 10.
What number am I thinking of?
11
Hey! Thats not between 1 and 10!
> my_number
Lets see whether you can guess the number that Im thinking of.
Its between 1 and 10.
What number am I thinking of?
2
Bzzzt! Not even close.
> my_number
Lets see whether you can guess the number that Im thinking of.
Its between 1 and 10.
What number am I thinking of?
6
Close, but no cigar.
> my_number
Lets see whether you can guess the number that Im thinking of.
Its between 1 and 10.
What number am I thinking of?
5
Thats amazing!

11

V. EDIT THE C SOURCE FILE TO CREATE YOUR OWN UNIQUE VERSION

1. If necessary, repeat III.1-4, then definitely repeat III.5-6.

2. Now that youve run Dr. Neemans original version of the program, its time to modify your
copy of the source file my number.c to create a version thats uniquely yours. Using the
text editor named nano, edit your copy of my number.c:
> nano my number.c
This command means: Edit the text in the file named my number.c thats in my current
working directory, using the text editor program named nano. Your TA will be happy to
help you learn how to use the nano editor, and you can also find links on the CS1313 web-
site to webpages describing how to use nano. These links are near the bottom of the page,
in the section titled Useful Information. If youd prefer to use another editor (for example,
vi, emacs), you may do so, but your TA wont have time to help you learn it. UNDER NO
CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD YOU EDIT FILES ON A WINDOWS COMPUTER IF
THEY ARE TO BE USED ON A UNIX COMPUTER. Windows editors often embed
invisible special characters in text files, and some Unix compilers choke on them.

3. In nano, notice the little help messages at the bottom of the screen:

^G Get Help ^O WriteOut ^R Read File ^Y Prev Pg ^K Cut Text ^C Cur Pos

^X Exit ^J Justify ^W Where is ^V Next Pg ^U UnCut Text ^T To Spell

For example, consider W Where is
This means that you should press Ctrl W (the caret indicates the Ctrl key) to
search for a particular string of characters. Another example: C Cur Pos is short for
Cursor Position and causes nano to tell you what line number the cursor is located at.
Another example: K Cut Text means delete the line that the cursor is currently on.

4. Using the text editor, make the following changes to my number.c:
(a) In the comment block at the top of the C source file, change the author name and e-mail

address, and the lab information, so that they are your information.
(b) Save (see V.5, below), exit nano (see V.10, below), compile (see IV.4, above),

run (see IV.5, above). This will test your first set of edits.
(c) In the declaration section, change the constant values that the following

named constants are initialized to:
minimum number
maximum number
close distance
computers number
You may select any integer values that you want, as long as they are different from
1, 5, 10 and 1 respectively, and
minimum number < computers number < maximum numberand they are sufficiently spread out that you can actually do the runs properly.(For example, 2, 4, 2 and 3 wont work, because anything close to 3 would be outsidethe range of 2 to 4.)(d) Save, exit nano, compile, run. This will test your second set of edits.12(e) In the execution section (also known as the body of the program), change the followingsequences of character text to your own words:i. Hey!ii. Thats amazingiii. Close, but no cigar.iv. Bzzzt! Not even close.NOTE: You are welcome to say pretty much anything you want, but please avoid foulor inappropriate language. Please be entertaining; well have a lot of these to grade.(f) Save, exit nano, compile, run. This will test your final set of edits.5. Every few minutes while youre editing, you should save the work that youve done so far,in case your work is interrupted by a computer crashing. In nano, type Ctrl – O (theletter oh), at which point nano will ask you, near the bottom of the screen:File Name to write : my number.cThat is, nano wants to know what filename to save the edited text into, with a default file-name of my number.c. Press Enter to save to the default filename my number.c.6. A character string literal constant, also known as a character string literal or a string literalfor short, is a sequence of characters between a pair of double quotes. For example, in theprintf statementprintf(“This is a printf statement.
“);the following is a string literal:”This is a printf statement.
“We say that the pair of double quotes delimits the sequence of characters in the string literal.Note that the
at the end of the string literal tells the program to print a carriage return(also known as a newline) at the end of the line of output text.7. The lines of text in the C source file my number.c MUST be less than 80 characterslong, and ideally no more than 72 characters long. (Your PuTTY window MUST be 80characters wide.)8. Some text editors, including nano, try to help keep text lines short, by breaking a long lineinto multiple short lines. For example, nano might break a line likeprintf(“This is a long line and nano will probably break part of it off.
“);into two separate lines:printf(“This is a long line and nano will probablybreak part of it off.
“);That is, nano automatically puts a carriage return when the line starts getting too long fornanos taste. Unfortunately, the C compiler will consider this to be an error. Why? BecauseC cannot allow an individual string literal to use more than one line. So, the correct way towrite the above example is:printf(“This is a long line and nano will probably”);printf(” break part of it off.
“);139. Like the lines of C source text, the lines of output text MUST be less than 80 characterslong, and ideally no more than 72 characters long. You can break a long line of output textinto shorter pieces by making it into two printf statements. For example:printf(“Why you big old stinker! Thats not between %d and %d!
“,minimum_number, maximum_number);This single printf statement can be converted into two printf statements, like so:printf(“Why you big old stinker! Thats not between
“);printf(” %d and %d!
“, minimum_number, maximum_number);10. After youve finished editing, exit the text editor. To do this in nano, type Ctrl – X . Ifyou have made any changes since the last time you typed Ctrl – O , then nano will askyou, near the bottom of the screen,Save modified buffer (ANSWERING “No” WILL DESTROY CHANGES) ?To save your most recent changes to the file (which is probably what you want to do), pressthe Y key; to avoid saving your most recent changes, press the N key. After that, nanowill behave the same as if you had typed Ctrl – O .14VI. MAKE (COMPILE), RUN AND DEBUG YOUR OWN UNIQUE VERSION OF THEPROGRAM1. If necessary, repeat III.1-4, then definitely repeat III.5-6.2. Make (compile) your own unique version of the executable program:> make my_number
gcc -o my_number my_number.c

3. If the program doesnt compile, then youll need to edit it and figure out where things went
wrong. ALWAYS FIX THE FIRST ERROR FIRST often, some or all of the remaining
error messages are side effects of the first error, and will disappear after you fix the first error.

4. In the worst case, if youre totally stumped, then copy the original from Dr. Neemans home
directory again (see III.8), and start editing the fresh copy.

5. Once you have the program compiled, run my number five times, using the following
values as inputs, in this order:

(a) an integer value less than your value for minimum number
(b) an integer value greater than your value for maximum number
(c) an integer value between your value for minimum number and your value for

maximum number (inclusive), but far from your value for computers number
(d) an integer value close to your value for computers number (that is, within your

value for close distance of your value for computers number)
(e) your value for computers number

Itll look similar to the runs you did with Dr. Neemans original version of the program.

6. If the program doesnt run, or if it runs incorrectly, then just as in Step VI.3 above youll
need to edit it and figure out where things went wrong. Again, in the worst case, if youre
totally stumped, then copy the original from Dr. Neemans home directory again (see III.8),
and start editing the fresh copy.

15

VII. CREATE A SCRIPT FILE

1. If necessary, repeat III.1-4, then definitely repeat III.5-6.

2. Once the program compiles and runs properly, then youre ready to create a script file, which
is a record of your interactions with the computer. Start the scripting session:
> script pp1.txt
Script started, file is pp1.txt
Starting a scripting session is like turning on a tape recorder: every keystroke that you input
(including backspaces) and every character that the computer outputs will be recorded into
the script file, until you terminate the scripting session (see below).
NOTICE: pp1.txt means the text file that contains Programming Project #1. Thus,
the filename is small-P small-P one dot small-T small-X small-T, which is to say small-pea
small-pea one dot small-tee small-ex small-tee. Notice that the third character in the filename
is the digit one, NOT lower case L.
IMPORTANT: DONT use the name of the executable in the name of the script file.

3. Print the working directory:
> pwd
/oushomes/Student/yourusername/CS1313

4. List the contents of the directory, using the long listing -l option:

> ls -l
-rwxr-xr-x 1 5013 100 13717 Jan 26 18:27 my number
-rw-rr 1 5013 100 2976 Jan 26 19:10 my number.c

NOTICE that the command is:
ell ess space hyphen ell
(lower case L, lower case S, space, hyphen, lower case L).
It is NOT NOT NOT
ell ess space hyphen one
which would be WRONG WRONG WRONG!!!

5. Output your makefile to the terminal screen:
> cat makefile
This command will cause the contents of makefile to be sent to the terminal screen, and
also to be saved in pp1.txt, the script file.

6. Output your C source file to the terminal screen:
> cat my number.c
As above, this command will cause the contents of my number.c to be sent to the
terminal screen, and also to be saved in pp1.txt, the script file.

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7. IMPORTANT! IMPORTANT! IMPORTANT! IMPORTANT! IMPORTANT!
Clean out any old executables:
> make clean
If you dont clean out your old executable, or if the compile command isnt shown as a result
of cleaning and then making, or if the compile command fails with error messages, then you
havent proven that your program compiles properly, so YOU WILL LOSE UP TO HALF
THE TOTAL VALUE OF THE PROJECT.

8. IMPORTANT! IMPORTANT! IMPORTANT! IMPORTANT! IMPORTANT!
Make (compile) your executable program:
> make my number
If you dont make your executable program, or if the compile command isnt shown as a
result of cleaning and then making, or if the compile command fails with error messages,
then you havent proven that your program compiles properly, so YOU WILL LOSE UP
TO HALF THE TOTAL VALUE OF THE PROJECT.

9. Run my number, using the same number of runs with the same input values in the same
order as you used in your test in Step VI.5, above.

10. Terminate the scripting session:
> Ctrl D
Script done, file is pp1.txt
This is like turning off the tape recorder.

11. You should now have a script file named pp1.txt that contains a complete record of the
scripting session. Check to be sure that you have the file:
> ls
makefile my number my number.c pp1.txt

12. Enter the following command at the Unix prompt:
> dos2unix pp1.txt
This command will clear out some of the invisible special characters from pp1.txt (but
unfortunately not all of them).

13. From this point on, you are ABSOLUTELY FORBIDDEN to alter your script file IN ANY
WAY, EVER. This will be true for all future Programming Projects.

17

VIII. PRINT YOUR SCRIPT FILE
1. Print your script file. The best way to print from a PC in Carson 205, 206 or S-18 is to use

MS Wordpad.
(a) Traverse the menus like so:

Start All Programs Utilities Accessories Wordpad
This will pop up a WordPad window.

(b) In the WordPad window, click the little menu icon to the left of the Home tab.

(c) Click Open. This will pop up a window titled Open.

(d) On the left side of the Open window, near the bottom, click Computer.

(e) Either (a) on the left side of the window, below Windows (C:), or (b) in the main
panel of the window, below Network Location, double-click
yourusername (\washington.ou.edu) (H:)

(f) In the main panel (just to the right), double-click on your CS1313 folder.
(g) At the bottom of the Open window, in the menu just to the right of the text box titled

File name: and just above the Open and Cancel buttons, select:
All Documents (*.*)

(h) Double-click on the file that you want to print (for example, pp1.txt). NOTE: You
may not be able to see the file extension .txt, but instead there may be a little icon
to the left of pp1 that looks like a little document.

(i) In the Home tab, to the right in the Editing section, click on Select All. This
will highlight all of the text.

(j) Toward the left in the Font section, set the font to Courier New (which is a
fixed width font appropriate for computer programs), and the siz