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Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence: Cognitive Systems
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What is knowledge-based artificial intelligence?
How does it fit into the rest of artificial intelligence?
What can I expect to learn from this course?
What is the structure of this course?
What are some things Watson must be able to do to participate in Jeopardy?
Read the clue
Search its knowledge base
Decide on an answer
Properly phrase that answer
Fundamental Conundrums of Artificial Intelligence
Intelligent agents have limited resources.
Computation is local, but problems have global constraints.
Logic is deductive, but many problems are not.
The world is dynamic, but knowledge is limited.
Problem solving, reasoning, and learning are complex, but explanation and justification are even more complex.
Characteristics of AI Problems
Knowledge often arrives incrementally.
Problems exhibit recurring patterns.
Problems have multiple levels of granularity.
Many problems are computationally intractable.
The world is dynamic, but knowledge of the world is static.
The world is open-ended, but knowledge is limited.
Characteristics of AI Agents
Agents have limited computing power.
Agents have limited sensors.
Agents have limited attention.
Computational logic is fundamentally deductive.
AI agents’ knowledge is incomplete relative to the world.
Which of these are AI problems?
ο Answering questions on Jeopardy.
ο Configuring the dimensions for the basement of a new house.
ο Tying shoelaces.
ο Deciding on a route to a new destination.
ο Making sense of a news broadcast.
ο Designing a robot that walks on water.
ο Establishing whether a flower pot can be used as a drinking cup.
ο Deciding whether or not a new animal is a bird.
Deliberation 审议
Reasoning
Learning
Memory
thinking
acting
optimally
like humans
Agents that think rationally
Agents that think like humans
Agents that act like humans
Agents that act rationally
machine learning
airplane autopilot
semantic web 语义网
improvisational robots
即兴机器人
thinking
acting
optimally
like humans
What are cognitive systems?
Cognitive: dealing with human-like intelligence.
Systems: multiple interacting components such as learning, reasoning, and memory.
Cognitive Systems: Systems that exhibit human-like intelligence through processes like learning, reasoning, and memory.
Cognitive System
The World
Input
Output
Cognitive System
The World
Cognitive System
Cognitive System
Cognitive System
Reaction
Deliberation
Metacognition
Reasoning
Learning
Memory
Input
Output
Planning
Design & Creativity
Analogical Reasoning
Common Sense Reasoning
Metacognition
Learning
Fundamentals
Visuospatial Reasoning
Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence
类比推理
Semantic Networks
Generate and Test
Problem Reduction
Means-Ends Analysis
Fundamentals
Production Systems
Planning
Logic
Planning
Common Sense Reasoning
Frames
Understanding
Scripts
Common Sense Reasoning
Learning by Recording Cases
Incremental Concept Learning
Version Spaces
Classification
Learning
Learning by Recording Cases
Case-Based Reasoning
Analogical Reasoning
Explanation-Based Learning
Analogical Reasoning
Visuospatial Reasoning
Constraint Propagation
Visuospatial Reasoning
Design & Creativity
Configuration
Diagnosis
Creativity
Design
Metacognition
Learning by Correcting Mistakes
Meta-Reasoning
Ethics in Artificial Intelligence
Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence
Logic
Planning
Frames
Understanding
Scripts
Common Sense Reasoning
Constraint Propagation
Visuospatial Reasoning
Configuration
Diagnosis
Computational Creativity
Design
Learning by Correcting Mistakes
Meta-Reasoning
Ethics in Artificial Intelligence
Semantic Networks
Generate and Test
Problem Reduction
Means-End Analysis
Production Systems
Learning by Recording Cases
Incremental Concept Learning
Scripts
Classification
Learning by Recording Cases
Case-Based Reasoning
Analogical Reasoning
Explanation-Based Reasoning
To recap…
Conundrums and characteristics
Four schools of AI
What is KBAI?
Cognitive Systems
Topics in AI
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