PowerPoint Presentation
Case-Based Reasoning
Learning by Recording Cases
Case-Based Reasoning
Analogical Reasoning
Explanation-Based Learning
Analogical Reasoning
Lesson Preview
Need for case-based reasoning
Case adaptation, evaluation, and storage
Case retrieval revisited
Advanced case-based reasoning
?
What color is this block?
Orange
Block World
Blue
Orange
Purple
Black
Green
Red
What color is this block?
Block World
Blue
Orange
Purple
Black
Green
Red
D
Q
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
Assumptions of Case-Based Reasoning
Patterns exist in the world
Similar problems have similar solutions
Assumptions of Case-Based Reasoning
Patterns exist in the world
Similar problems have similar solutions
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
Office
Restaurant
Office
Doctor
Restaurant
Office
Doctor
Restaurant
Office
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Office
Home
Restaurant
Office
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
X
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
A
B
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
A
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
X
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
A
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
X
A
B
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
A
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
X
East of 3E?
Yes
No
X
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
A
B
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
X
A
A
X
B
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Under which branch should case Y be stored?
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
A
X
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
B
Under which branch should case Y be stored?
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of _E?
X
A
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
Yes
No
B
Where should this branch be divided for maximum differentiation?
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of 2E?
X
A
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
Yes
No
B
Where should this branch be divided for maximum differentiation?
Is the destination
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
D
A
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East of 9E?
Yes
No
D
X
Y
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Under which branch will case Z be stored?
Is the destination
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
D
A
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East of 9E?
Yes
No
D
X
Y
X
Under which branch will case Z be stored?
Is the destination
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
D
Yes
No
Yes
No
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
East of 9E?
Yes
No
D
X
Y
____ of __?
A
Yes
No
B
Z
Yes
No
Where should this branch be divided for maximum differentiation?
Is the destination
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
D
Yes
No
Yes
No
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East of 9E?
Yes
No
D
X
Y
Z
North of 8N?
A
Yes
No
Yes
No
Where should this branch be divided for maximum differentiation?
X
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
A
B
RouteOriginXOriginY
A3E9N
B4E1N
C7E9N
D8E4N
X
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
A
B
RouteOriginXOriginY
A3E9N
B4E1N
C7E9N
D8E4N
X4E6N
RouteOriginXOriginY
A3E9N
B4E1N
C7E9N
D8E4N
X4E6N
Y1E9N
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
B
What tags should be used for case Y?
RouteDestinationXDestinationY
A10E8N
B1E8N
C10E4N
D2E1N
X8E2N
Y8E2N
Z1E9N
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
What tags should be used for case Z?
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
RouteDestinationXDestinationY
A10E8N
B1E8N
C10E4N
D2E1N
X8E2N
Y8E2N
Z1E9N
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of 2E?
X
A
Yes
No
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of 2E?
X
A
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
Yes
No
What case should be retrieved and adapted?
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of 2E?
X
A
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
Yes
No
What case should be retrieved and adapted?
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Y
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
RouteDestinationXDestinationY
A10E8N
B1E8N
C10E4N
D2E1N
X8E2N
Y8E2N
Z1E9N
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What case should be retrieved and adapted?
0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E10E
0N1N2N3N4N5N6N7N8N9N10N
RouteDestinationXDestinationY
A10E8N
B1E8N
C10E4N
D2E1N
X8E2N
Y8E2N
Z1E9N
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What case should be retrieved and adapted?
C
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Evaluation found the solution failed; try adapting again
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Evaluation found the solution failed; try retrieving a different solution
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
The retrieved solution could not be adapted; retrieve a different solution
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Retrieved case perfectly matches current problem; no adaptation needed
Assignment
How would you use case-based reasoning to design an agent that could answer Raven’s Progressive Matrices?
To recap…
Case adaptation
Case evaluation
Case storage
Case retrieval revisited
Advanced case-based reasoning
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