[Solved] SOLVED:Data Analysis Project

This project (which is more of a major assignment)You must submit your document as a pdf into the dropbox on courselink by that time.There are 4 parts to this project: 1. Data analysis and write-up of conclusions for a one-sample problem. (10 marks) 2. Data analysis and write-up of conclusions for a two-sample problem. (10 marks) 3. Data analysis and write-up of conclusions for another two-sample problem. (5 marks)4. Reading part of a given journal article, answering a few questions, and doing an analysis ofdata from the article. (5 marks)Each part is based on information from a published study. Each one of the 4 journal articles isavailable from the University of Guelph library website. If you are off-campus, then you must usethe off-campus sign on (top right of the page) before proceeding to the journal article. One way tofind the articles is to go to http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca, click on E-Journals list, and search for thejournal title. You can also search for the article title in Primo (on the library site).This project is worth 16% of your final grade. You will be marked on: 1) Getting the proper R outputand plots, 2) Validity of your statistical conclusions and interpretations, 3) Writing style (grammarand clear concise language count!), 4) Presentation. Note that you must use R to complete thisproject. You must submit a single pdf document that contains your responses to all 4 sections. Any individualsection (not including plots) shouldnt be more than a single double-spaced page. Including plots,your entire submission shouldnt be more than 6 or 7 pages (and can be less).1 Part I: Crayfish Carapace LengthsHarlioglu et al. (2012) investigated several characteristics of crayfish in a freshwater lake in Turkey.Twenty-five adult male Astacus leptodactylus crayfish were sampled and several variables were recorded.One of the variables was carapace length (mm). The data is contained in the data set s2040DE_W15_crayfish,which can be found on the courselink site. You must import this data set into R to carry out theanalysis.For your write-up to be complete, you must: Plot a boxplot of the carapace lengths and comment on it. Plot a normal quantile-quantile plot of the carapace lengths. Comment on the shape of thedistribution. Comment on the suitability of the t procedures for this data. Use R to calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. Include the output fromR in your submission. Give an appropriate interpretation of the 95% confidence interval given by R, in the contextof the problem. To what population do your conclusions apply? Comment on any biases thatmight be present. If you feel there is an appropriate one-sample hypothesis test here, carry it out and properlyinterpret the results. If you do not feel there is a natural hypothesis test of interest in thissituation, then say so and justify your position. Your submission must include the boxplot, the normal QQ plot, and the R output, in addition toyour comments and interpretation.2 Part II: Swimming Speed of RatsSantori et al. (2014) investigated various characteristics of swimming in different species of semiaquaticwater rat. This part of the project involves analysis of this data.The study compared various swimming characteristics of 4 species of rat, but here we will look onlyat Nectomys rattus and Nectomys squamipes. In one part of the study, the swimming speed of therats was recorded. Swimming speeds for 14 N. rattus and 15 N. squamipes rats can be found in thefile s2040DE_W15_rats on the courselink site. (The values given in this file are based on the resultsof the study, but the summary statistics are not exactly the same as those given in the article. Youmust use the data contained in this file to answer this question.) You will need to import the datainto R and do an appropriate statistical analysis. (This will involve a two-sample t procedure of somesort.)For your write-up to be complete, you must: Plot side-by-side box plots of the data (in one plot), and comment on the plot. Plot normal quantile-quantile plots for the two groups separately. In a single paragraph, comment on the appropriateness of the two-sample t procedures inthis setting. Also, justify your choice of using the pooled-variance t procedure, or the Welchprocedure. (Which one did you choose, and why.) Give the R output for your choice of procedure. Interpret the results, including commenting on the results of the test of the null hypothesisthat the true mean swimming speed is the same for both species of rat, and an appropriateinterpretation of a relevant confidence interval. Interpretations must relate to the problem athand. Comment on what population your conclusions apply to.Your submission must include the boxplots, normal QQ plots, and the R output, in addition to yourcomments and interpretation. 3 Response times in truth tellers and liarsWalczyk et al. (2013) investigated possible differences between truth tellers and liars when questionedabout a mock crime. Participants in a psychology experiment were randomly assigned to a truthtelling group, an unrehearsed lying group, or a rehearsed lying group (where the individuals wereallowed to see the questions and think about their responses in advance). We will ignore the rehearsedlying group and compare the unrehearsed lying group to the truth tellers.In one aspect of the study, the researchers suspected that liars would tend to take longer to respondto questions when compared to truth tellers.Table 1 illustrates the time to respond statistics foryes/no questions.Truth tellers X1 = 638 s1 = 238 n1 = 44Unrehearsed liars X2 = 881 s2 = 358 n2 = 47Table 1: Time to respond (milliseconds) for individuals questioned about a mock crime.Choose an appropriate t procedure to analyze this data, and justify your choice of procedure. Constructa 95% confidence interval for 1 2 and give a proper interpretation of the interval. Carryout an appropriate hypothesis test (give appropriate hypotheses in words and symbols, test statistic,p-value and conclusion). Interpret the results in the context of the problem at hand.

4 Sudden death in adultsIn order to complete this section, you will need to get this paper:Naneix et al. (2015). Sudden adult death: An autopsy series of 534 cases with gender and controlcomparison. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 32:1015On page 12 of this article, the authors state that The deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases weremore frequent in males than in females (p < 0.0001). In words and symbols, what are the hypothesesof the test that yielded this p-value? In your own words, give a conclusion to the hypothesis test.Consider the values given in Table 1 of this article. Suppose we wish to test the null hypothesisthat male and female victims of sudden death have the same distribution of cause of death. Choosean appropriate test and carry out the test. Give hypotheses, value of the test statistic, p-value and